Arm and Brachial plexus dissection Flashcards

1
Q

How many flexor muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

3

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2
Q

Where are the muscles in the flexor compartment of the arm located?

A

One of these muscles is a flexor at the shoulder joint, one a flexor at the elbow joint, and the third is a flexor at both the shoulder and elbow joint.

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3
Q

Name the largest flexor muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Biceps brachii

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4
Q

How many heads does the biceps brachii have?

A

2

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5
Q

Give the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii

A

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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6
Q

Give the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii

A

coracoid process of the scapula

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7
Q

Where does the long head of biceps brachii travel?

A

Inside the capsule of the shoulder joint and continues down the intertubercular sulcus

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8
Q

What do the two heads of the biceps brachii insert?

A

Radial tuberosity

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9
Q

Name an expansion of the tendon of biceps

A

Bicipital aponeurosis

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10
Q

Where does the bicipital aponeurosis cross?

A

crosses medially over the superficial flexors of the forearm

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11
Q

Where does the bicipital aponeurosis attach?

A

posterior border of the ulna via the deep fascia.

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12
Q

What action does biceps exert when it crosses the shoulder and elbow joint?

A

Flexor action on both joints

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13
Q

Name a powerful supinator muscle of the forearm

A

Biceps

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14
Q

Give the origin of coracobrachialis

A

from the coracoid process

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15
Q

What forms the conjoint tendon?

A

The short head of biceps and coracobrachialis

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16
Q

Where does coracobrachialis insert?

A

medial aspect of the humerus half way down the shaft.

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17
Q

Where does coracobrachialis lie in relation to biceps?

A

Medial

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18
Q

Give the origin of brachialis

A

distal half of the anterior of the humerus

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19
Q

Give the insertion of brachialis

A

ulna tuberosity

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20
Q

Where does brachialis lie in relation to biceps?

A

Deep

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21
Q

How many muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm?

22
Q

Name the muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps brachii

23
Q

How many heads does triceps brachii have?

24
Q

Give the origin of the long head of triceps brachii

A

infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

25
Give the origin of the lateral head of triceps brachii
posterior aspect of the humerus above the spiral (or radial) groove of the humerus
26
Give the origin of the medial head of triceps brachii
posterior surface of the humerus but below the spiral groove.
27
Give the insertion of triceps brachii
olecranon process of the ulna
28
What are the muscles of the arm, forearm and hand innervated by?
Brachial plexus
29
Describe the roots of the brachial plexus
C5-T1
30
What do the roots of the brachial plexus form?
Trunks - superior, middle and inferior
31
What do the trunks of the brachial plexus form?
Cords - lateral, posterior and medial
32
What are the cords of the brachial plexus related to?
Axillary artery
33
What does the lateral cord of brachial plexus give rise to?
lateral pectoral nerve
34
What does the lateral pectoral nerve supply?
Pectoralis minor/major
35
Name the terminal branches of the lateral cord
lateral head of the median nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve
36
What does the Musculocutaneous nerve pierce?
coracobrachialis approximately 5cm distal to the conjoint tendon.
37
Name the terminal branch of the Musculocutaneous nerve
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
38
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?
supplies the skin of the lateral forearm on both the dorsal and ventral aspects
39
What does the medial cord give rise to?
medial pectoral nerve | cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm
40
What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?
Pectoral muscles
41
Name the terminal branches of the median nerve
medial head of the median nerve and the ulnar nerve.
42
What does the ulnar nerve give rise to?
limited supply to the flexor muscles of the forearm and is the main supply is the small muscles of the hand.
43
Describe the pathway of the ulnar nerve
The nerve lies medial to the brachial artery in the arm and passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus at the elbow joint (the cubital tunnel) to gain access to the forearm.
44
What does the median nerve supply?
It supplies almost all of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.
45
What are the branches of the posterior cord?
upper subscapular, thoracodorsal and lower subscapular nerve
46
What are the terminal branches of the posterior cord
Radial nerve | Axillary
47
What does the radial nerve supply?
muscles and skin over the whole posterior aspect of the upper limb. The radial nerve supplies the triceps muscles and the extensor muscles of the forearm.
48
What does the axillary nerve supply?
The axillary nerve supplies teres minor and the deltoid muscle as well as a small area of skin over the insertion of the deltoid, known as the badge area.
49
What is the origin of the subclavian artery on the right
Brachiocephalic trunk
50
What is the origin of the subclavian artery on the left?
Aorta
51
Describe the course of the blood supply of the arm
As the subclavian artery passes over the first rib it changes its name to the axillary artery. In the axilla, the axillary artery is accompanied by the cords of the brachial plexus. Once the axillary artery crosses the lower border of teres major it changes its name again to become the brachial artery, which is the main artery within the arm. The brachial artery gives off many small muscular branches and also the profunda (or deep) brachii artery, which accompanies the radial nerve in the spiral groove of the humerus to supply triceps and the elbow joint. Locate the subclavian artery and follow it as it becomes the axillary artery and then the brachial artery.