Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 204 Theme 2 > Gait, anatomy and physiology of walking > Flashcards

Gait, anatomy and physiology of walking Flashcards

1
Q

How is walking both simple and complicated?

A

Simple - we do not have to think about it

Complicated - Involves many structures in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures in the body are involved in walking?

A

MSK - Muscles, tendons, bones, joints
Nervous system - Sensory, motor, autonomic, proprioception
Cardiovascular system - Heart and blood vessels
Special senses - Vision and hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What may problems with systems involved in walking affect?

A

Ability to walk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Gait describe?

A 
Straight line walking/running
Jumping
Terrain adjustment 
Turning 
A combination of movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the gait cycle divided?

A

Stride - Stance and swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the stages of the gait cycle

A 
Initial contact
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance 
Preswing 
Initial swing
Midswing
Terminal swing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the position of joints in heel strike/initial contact phase (0-2%)

A 
Foot in contact with the floor 
Hip flexion 
Neutral knee
Ankle dorsiflexion 
Big toe in dorsiflexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the heel strike/initial contact phase used for?

A

Slowing down and control of landing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the joint position in loading response (2-12%)

A 
Lots of eccentric contraction 
Hip flexion 
knee flexion 
Ankle dorsiflexion 
1st MTPJ neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the positions of muscles in initial contact

A

Hip extensors contract to control hip flexion via momentum

Gracilis contracts (isometric) to control hip flexion and knee extension

Knee flexors contract (concentric) start knee flexion

Knee extensors contract (eccentric) to control knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexiors contract (eccentric) to prevent foot slapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the position of the muscles in the loading response

A

Hip extensors contract to start hip extension

Knee flexors contract (concentric) to keep the knee in flexion

Knee extensors contract (eccentric) to control knee in flexion

Gastrocnemius contracts to keep the knee in flexion

Ankle dorsiflexion contract (eccentric) to prevent foot slapping

Ankle plantarflexors contract (concentric) to bring foot in contact with the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe joint position in mid stance (12-31%)

A

Hip neutral
Knee extension
Ankle neutral
1st MTPJ neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe muscle activities in mid stance (12-31%)

A

Hip extensors contract (concentric) to keep hip in extension

Knee flexors contract (eccentric) to control knee extension via momentum

Grastrocnemius contracts (eccentric) to control knee extension via momentum

Ankle plantarflexrs contract (eccentric) to stabilise the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe joint position during terminal stance (31-50%)

A

Hip extension

Knee full extension

Ankle dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ neutral/dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe muscle activities in terminal stance

A

Hip flexors contract (eccentric) to control hip extension via momentum

Gastrocnemius contracts (eecentic) to control knee extension via momentum

Ankle plantarflexors contraction (eccentric) to control ankle dorsiflexion via body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe joint position in pre swing phase (50-62%)

A

Hip neutral

Knee flexion

Ankle plantarflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion

17
Q

Describe muscle activities of pre-swing phase (50-62%)

A

Hip flexors contract (concentric) to start hip flexion

Gracilis contracts (concentric) to assist the knee in flexion

Gastrocnemius contracts (concentric) to bring the knee in flexion

Ankle plantarflexors contract (concentric) to propel body forward then ankle dorsiflexors contract (concentric) to keep foot off the ground

18
Q

Describe joint position in initial swing (62-75%)

A

Hip neutral/flexion

Knee flexion

Ankle neutral/dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion/neutral

19
Q

Describe muscle activities in initial swing (62-75%)

A

Hip flexors contract (concentric) to keep hip in flexion

Gracilis contracts (concentric) to keep the knee in flexion

Ankle dorsiflexors contract (concentric) to keep foot off the ground

20
Q

Describe joint position in mid swing (75-87%)

A

Hip flexion

Knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion

21
Q

Describe muscle activities in midswing (75-87%)

A

Hip extensors contract (eccentric) to control hip flexion

Gracilis contracts (concentric) to keep hip and knee in flexion

Knee flexors contract (concentiric) to keep the lower leg off the ground

Ankle dorsiflexion contract (concentric) to keep foot off ground

22
Q

Describe joint position in terminal swing

A

Hip flexion

Knee flexion/neutral

Ankle dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion

23
Q

Describe muscle activities in terminal swing

A

Hip extensors contract (eccentric) to control hip flexion via momentum

Gracilis contracts (isometric) to control hip flexion and knee extension

Knee extensors contract (concentric) to bring the knee into extension

Ankle dorsiflexors contract (concentric) to keep foot off the ground

24
Q

What happens with an increase in speed?

A

Increase impact and stride length

25
Q

Describe the stages of jumping

A

Acceleration - Powerful push off
During the jump
Deceleration - landing

26
Q

What type of contraction occurs during acceleration?

A

Concentric

27
Q

What type of contraction occurs during deceleration?

A

Eccentric

28
Q

List some types of turing

A

Step turn
Ipsilateral pivot
Ipsilateral crossover

29
Q

Which type of turning involves the most amount of steps?

A

Step turn

30
Q

Define base of support

A

Area within an outline of all ground contact points

31
Q

Define centre of mass

A

The average position of all parts of the system weighted according to their mass

32
Q

When does terrain adjustment occur?

A

Stairs - up and down
Uneven surfaces
Various surface properties (eg. soft/hard/slippery)

33
Q

What information does terrain adjustment require?

A

Sensory information

34
Q

If you want a complete gait analysis what must you take into account?

A

Daily walking - to and from work/school/shops
Activities - sports/dance
Surfaces - smooth/uneven/soft/hard
Straight line walking in clinic alone is insufficient
Compensatory mechanism

35
Q

List some conditions which may interrupt gait

A

MSK - arthritis, tendinopathy, ligament injury
Neurological conditions - Parkinsons, cerebral palsy ,CVA, peripheral neuropathy
Pain
Behavioural issues
Supply of energy

36
Q

Name a screening tool for Gait

A

GALS

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions