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Module 204 Theme 2 > Back and shoulder dissection > Flashcards

Back and shoulder dissection Flashcards

1
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the back

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboids (major and minor)
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius

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2
Q

What do the superficial trunk muscles attach?

A

The pectoral girdle to the trunk

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3
Q

Give the origin of the upper fibres of trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance of skull

Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

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4
Q

Give the insertion of the upper fibres of trapezius

A

Clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

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5
Q

Give the origin of the medial fibres of trapezius

A

Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

Give the insertion of the medial fibres of trapezius

A

Spine of the scapula

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7
Q

Give the origin of the lower fibres of the scapula

A

Spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae

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8
Q

Give the insertion of the lower fibres of the scapula

A

Spine of scapula

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9
Q

What muscles lie below trapezius?

A

Major and minor rhomboids

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10
Q

Give the origin of the rhomboids

A

Spinous processes C7 to T5

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11
Q

Give the insertion of the rhomboids

A

Medial border of the scapular

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12
Q

Where is latissimus dorsi found?

A

Large flat muscle in thoracic region of the back

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13
Q

Give the origin of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

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14
Q

Give the insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

Intertubercular sulcus/bicipital groove of the humerus

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15
Q

Describe the travel of latissimus dorsi

A

Muscle fibres travel upwards round the inferior angle of scapula to the intertubercular sulcus

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16
Q

Give the origin of serratus anterior

A

Upper 8 ribs

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17
Q

Describe the travel of serratus anterior

A

Between the scapula and ribs

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18
Q

Give the insertion of serratus anterior

A

Medial border of scapula

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19
Q

Name the intermediate back muscles

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

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20
Q

What is the function of serratus posterior inferior and superior?

A

Accessory respiratory muscles that help to expand the chest cavity during inspiration

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21
Q

Where are the deep intrinsic muscles of the back found?

A

In the groove between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and the angle of the ribs

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22
Q

What is the largest group of the deep intrinsic back muscles?

A

Erector spinae

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23
Q

What does erector spinae incorporate?

A

Spinales
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

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24
Q

Give the origin of the erector spinae muscles

A

Erector spinae aponeurosis

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25
Q

What is the Erector spinae aponeurosis?

A

Broad thick tendon at base of the back

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26
Q

Which muscle is the spinales muscle?

A

Most medial

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27
Q

Give the insertion of the spinales muscle

A

Thoracic spinous processes and skull

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28
Q

Which muscle is the longissimus muscle?

A

Intermediate

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29
Q

Give the insertion of longissimus

A

Thoracic and cervical spinous processes

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30
Q

Which muscle is iliocostalis?

A

Most lateral

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31
Q

Give the insertion of iliocostalis

A

Ribs

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32
Q

Where is the multifidus muscle found?

A

Under erector spinae

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33
Q

Give the origin of multifidus

A

Transverse processes

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34
Q

Give the insertion of multifidus

A

Spinous processes

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35
Q

What is multifidus?

A

Major stabiliser of the back

Extends vertebral column

36
Q

What makes up the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle

Scapula

37
Q

Where do the clavicle and scapula articulate?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

38
Q

Where does the pectoral gridle articulate with the trunk?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

39
Q

Describe the glenohumeral joint

A

Shallow articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Synovial ball and socket joint

40
Q

Describe the roof of the small space the tendon of supraspinatus passes

A

Coracoacromial ligament

41
Q

What can cause injury to supraspinatus?

A

Overhead activity eg throwing can cause impingement of this tendon

42
Q

What forms the quadrangular space?

A

teres minor
teres major
the shaft of the humerus
long head of triceps brachii

43
Q

What forms the axilla?

A

apex, base and four walls

44
Q

Where is the axillary fossa found?

A

Base of the axilla

45
Q

What makes up the axillary fossa?

A

Skin and subcutaneous tissue

46
Q

What is the apex (inlet) of the axillary fossa formed of?

A

Clavicle (anteriorly)
1st rib (medially)
Superior border of scapula (posteriorly)

47
Q

What is the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis minor and major

48
Q

What is the posterior wall of the axilla formed from?

A

teres major, latissimus dorsi and subscapularis

muscles

49
Q

What is the medial wall of the axilla?

A

serratus anterior muscle.

50
Q

What nerve supplies serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve from C5,C6,C7 of brachial plexus

51
Q

What is the axilla bordered by laterally?

52
Q

What does the axilla contain?

A

axillary artery
and its branches, the axillary vein and its tributaries, lymph vessels and nodes, and the
brachial plexus.

53
Q

What is the axillary artery?

A

Continuation of the subclavian artery

54
Q

Where does the subclavian artery pass?

A

Through scalene triangle

55
Q

What forms the scalene triangle?

A

anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib.

56
Q

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Lower border of teres major

57
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries travel?

A

Wind around the surgical neck of humerus

58
Q

What does the subscapular artery contribute to?

A

Anastomosis of the shoulder region

59
Q

Describe the axillary vein

A

Drains basilic vein into subclavian vein

60
Q

Where does the axillary vein terminate as the subclavian vein?

61
Q

Where is the basilic vein located?

A

Medial side of the arm

62
Q

Where is the cephalic vein located?

A

Deltopectoral groove

63
Q

What does the cephalic vein join

A

Axillary vein

64
Q

Where are the trunks of the brachial plexus located?

A

Pass through the scalene triangle with the subclavian artery

65
Q

What do the trunks of the brachial plexus divide to form?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

66
Q

Which muscle overlies cords?

A

Pectoralis minor

67
Q

What are the cords named relative to?

A

Axillary artery

68
Q

Name the terminal branches of the brachial plexus

A 
Musculocutaneous 
Ulnar
Median
Radial 
Axillary
69
Q

Name the four rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

70
Q

Give the origin of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa

71
Q

Give the insertion of supraspinatus

A

Anterior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

72
Q

Give the origin of infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa

73
Q

Give the insertion of infraspinatus

A

Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

74
Q

Give the origin of teres minor

A

Dorsal aspect of the lateral border of the scapula

75
Q

Give the insertion of teres minor

A

Lowest facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

76
Q

Give the origin of teres major

A

Inferior angle of scapula

77
Q

Give the insertion of teres major

A

Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

78
Q

Give the insertion of deltoid muscle

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

79
Q

Give the origin of the deltoid muscle

A

Lateral third of the clavicle
Acromion
Spine of the scapula

80
Q

Which muscle gives the shoulder its round shape?

81
Q

What surrounds the glenohumeral joint?

A

Fibrous joint capsule

82
Q

Where is the fibrous joint capsule attached?

A

Rim of the glenoid fossa

Anatomical neck of the humerus

83
Q

What is the fibrous joint capsule strengthened by?

A

Attachments of rotator cuff muscles

84
Q

Where do the attachments of rotator cuff muscles surround the joint?

A

On all sides except inferiorly

85
Q

Which ligaments helps to stabilize the glenohumeral joint?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

Glenohumeral ligaments

86
Q

Where do the glenohumeral joints stabilise?

A

Anteriorly

87
Q

What deepens the glenoid fossa?

A

Glenoid labrum - ring of fibrocartilage

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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