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Module 204 Theme 2 > Anatomy of the leg and foot > Flashcards

Anatomy of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the foot

A

Support body weight

Stability/standing

Locomotion/propulsion (lever)

Shock absorption

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2
Q

Name the two bones in the leg

A

Tibia

Fibular

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3
Q

What is between the tibia and fibula?

A

Interosseous membrane

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4
Q

Name the joints between the tibia and fibula

A

Superior tibiofibular joint

Inferior tibiofibular joint

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5
Q

Where is the inferior tibiofibular joint located?

A

Between the medial and lateral malleolus

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6
Q

List the groups of bones in the feet

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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7
Q

Where is the superior tibiofibular joint located?

A

Between the medial and lateral condyles

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8
Q

Name the 7 tarsal bones

A 
Calcaneous 
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms
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9
Q

Name the two landmarks of the calcaneous

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

Sustentaculum tali

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10
Q

What type of bones are the metatarsals?

A

Sesamoid bones

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11
Q

List the movements of the feet

A 
Dorsiflexion/extension
Plantarflexion/flexion
Eversion
Inversion
Supination
Pronation
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12
Q

Describe supination of the feet

A

Feet together - inversion of front of foot

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13
Q

Describe pronation of the feet

A

feet apart - eversion of front of foot

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14
Q

Name the joints in the foot

A

Ankle joint

Intertarsal joint

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Interphalangeal joint

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15
Q

What movement does the ankle joint do?

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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16
Q

What movement does the intertarsal joint do?

A

Invert/evert

Supinate/pronate

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17
Q

What movements do the metatarsophalangeal joints do?

A

Extension/flexion

Limited abduction/adduction

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18
Q

What movements do the interphalangeal joints do?

A

Extension and flexion

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19
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

Articulation between talus and tibia/fibula

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20
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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21
Q

List the ligaments that stabilize the ankle joint

A

Lateral collateral ligament

Medial/deltoid collateral ligament

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22
Q

Where is the lateral ligament located?

A

Lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneous

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23
Q

Where is the medial/deltoid ligament located?

A

Medial malleolus to talus/calcaneous/navicular

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24
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lateral ligament

A

Injury

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25
Q

Where is the subtalar joint?

A

Between talus and calcaneous and navicular

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26
Q

What does the subtalar joint allow?

A

Inversion and eversion during locomotion

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27
Q

Where is the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Between forefoot and hindfoot

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28
Q

What does the transverse tarsal joint allow?

A

Pronation and supination
Eversion and inversion of the forefoot
Important for standing on uneven ground

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29
Q

What is the plantar aponeurosis?

A

Thickening of the deep fascia
Protects underlying structure
Supports longitudinal arch

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30
Q

What is the clinical significance of the plantar aponeurosis?

A

Plantar fasciitis - inflammation due to overuse

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31
Q

Name the arches of the foot

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches

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32
Q

What are the functions of the arches of the foot?

A

Shock absorbers during locomotion

Act as springboards

Distribution of weight (to calcaneous + ball of foot)

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33
Q

Name the longitudinal arches

A

Medial and lateral

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34
Q

What are the longitudinal arches supported by?

A

long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

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35
Q

What is the clinical significance of the arches of the foot?

A

Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)

36
Q

What is the transverse arch supported by?

A

Long tendons (mainly fibularis longus)

37
Q

What action do the muscles of the anterior compartment do?

A

Extend(dorsiflex)/invert the foot

38
Q

What action do the muscles of the posterior compartment do?

A

Flex/invert the foot

39
Q

What action do muscles of the lateral compartment do?

A

Evert foot

40
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment?

A

Deep fibular nerve

41
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment?

A

Tibial nerve

42
Q

Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

43
Q

How many muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg

44
Q

Name the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

45
Q

Where do muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg originate?

A

Tibia and fibular

46
Q

What action does tibialis anterior do?

A

Extends/inverts the foot

47
Q

What action does extensor digitorum longus do?

A

Extends lateral 4 toes

48
Q

What action does extensor hallucis longus do?

A

Extends the great toe

49
Q

Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

Middle and distal phalanges

50
Q

Where does tibialis anterior insert?

A

Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

51
Q

Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of the great toe

52
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flex (plantar flex) the foot and leg

53
Q

Name the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris

54
Q

Give the origin of plantaris

55
Q

Give the origin of gastrocnemius

A

Condyles of femur

56
Q

Give the origin of soleus

A

Tibia and fibular

57
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg supplied by?

A

Tibial nerve

58
Q

What muscle actions do the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg do?

A

Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot and flex toes

59
Q

Give the origin of the deep group in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibia and fibula

60
Q

Name the muscles in the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus

61
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus

A

Flexor of lateral 4 toes

62
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A

Inverter of the foot

63
Q

What is the function of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexor of the big toe

64
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

65
Q

Where does flexor digitorum longus insert?

A

Distal phalanges

66
Q

Where does flexor hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of great toe

67
Q

Where does tibialis posterior insert?

A

Medial cuneiform and navicular

68
Q

What is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Evert foot

69
Q

Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

70
Q

What is the function of fibularis longus?

A

Everts and plantar flexes foot

Maintains transverse arch

71
Q

Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

72
Q

Give the origin of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

73
Q

Where does fibularis longus insert?

A

Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

74
Q

Where does fibularis brevis insert?

A

5th metatarsal

75
Q

List the contents of the tarsal tunnel

A 
Tibialis posterior 
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery/vein 
Tibial nerve 
Flexor hallucis longus
76
Q

What is the clinical significance of the tarsal tunnel?

77
Q

What does the lateral plantar artery form?

A

Deep plantar arch

78
Q

Where does the dorsalis pedis artery sit?

A

Beside extensor hallucis tendon

79
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis artery anastomose with?

A

Deep plantar arch

80
Q

What is the clinical significance of the dorsalis pedis artery?

81
Q

Which nerves supply the leg?

A

Terminal branches of the sciatic nerve

Tibial nerve - posterior compartment
Deep fibular - Anterior compartment
Superficial fibular - lateral compartment

82
Q

Give the clinical significance of the tibial nerve

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

83
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

Motor to posterior compartment of leg and plantar intrinsic muscles

84
Q

What does the common fibular nerve supply

A

Motor

  • Deep - Anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles.
  • Superficial - Lateral compartment of the leg
85
Q

What is the clinical Significance of the common fibular nerve?

A

Trauma results in a foot drop

86
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral plantar (tibial) nerves?

A

Supply the sole of the foot

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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