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Module 204 Theme 2 > Anatomy of the leg and foot > Flashcards

Anatomy of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the foot

A

Support body weight

Stability/standing

Locomotion/propulsion (lever)

Shock absorption

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2
Q

Name the two bones in the leg

A

Tibia

Fibular

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3
Q

What is between the tibia and fibula?

A

Interosseous membrane

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4
Q

Name the joints between the tibia and fibula

A

Superior tibiofibular joint

Inferior tibiofibular joint

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5
Q

Where is the inferior tibiofibular joint located?

A

Between the medial and lateral malleolus

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6
Q

List the groups of bones in the feet

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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7
Q

Where is the superior tibiofibular joint located?

A

Between the medial and lateral condyles

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8
Q

Name the 7 tarsal bones

A 
Calcaneous 
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms
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9
Q

Name the two landmarks of the calcaneous

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

Sustentaculum tali

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10
Q

What type of bones are the metatarsals?

A

Sesamoid bones

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11
Q

List the movements of the feet

A 
Dorsiflexion/extension
Plantarflexion/flexion
Eversion
Inversion
Supination
Pronation
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12
Q

Describe supination of the feet

A

Feet together - inversion of front of foot

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13
Q

Describe pronation of the feet

A

feet apart - eversion of front of foot

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14
Q

Name the joints in the foot

A

Ankle joint

Intertarsal joint

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Interphalangeal joint

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15
Q

What movement does the ankle joint do?

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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16
Q

What movement does the intertarsal joint do?

A

Invert/evert

Supinate/pronate

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17
Q

What movements do the metatarsophalangeal joints do?

A

Extension/flexion

Limited abduction/adduction

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18
Q

What movements do the interphalangeal joints do?

A

Extension and flexion

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19
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

Articulation between talus and tibia/fibula

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20
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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21
Q

List the ligaments that stabilize the ankle joint

A

Lateral collateral ligament

Medial/deltoid collateral ligament

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22
Q

Where is the lateral ligament located?

A

Lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneous

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23
Q

Where is the medial/deltoid ligament located?

A

Medial malleolus to talus/calcaneous/navicular

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24
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lateral ligament

A

Injury

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25
Where is the subtalar joint?
Between talus and calcaneous and navicular
26
What does the subtalar joint allow?
Inversion and eversion during locomotion
27
Where is the transverse tarsal joint?
Between forefoot and hindfoot
28
What does the transverse tarsal joint allow?
Pronation and supination Eversion and inversion of the forefoot Important for standing on uneven ground
29
What is the plantar aponeurosis?
Thickening of the deep fascia Protects underlying structure Supports longitudinal arch
30
What is the clinical significance of the plantar aponeurosis?
Plantar fasciitis - inflammation due to overuse
31
Name the arches of the foot
Longitudinal and transverse arches
32
What are the functions of the arches of the foot?
Shock absorbers during locomotion Act as springboards Distribution of weight (to calcaneous + ball of foot)
33
Name the longitudinal arches
Medial and lateral
34
What are the longitudinal arches supported by?
long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
35
What is the clinical significance of the arches of the foot?
Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)
36
What is the transverse arch supported by?
Long tendons (mainly fibularis longus)
37
What action do the muscles of the anterior compartment do?
Extend(dorsiflex)/invert the foot
38
What action do the muscles of the posterior compartment do?
Flex/invert the foot
39
What action do muscles of the lateral compartment do?
Evert foot
40
Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment?
Deep fibular nerve
41
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment?
Tibial nerve
42
Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment?
Superficial fibular nerve
43
How many muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg
3
44
Name the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus
45
Where do muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg originate?
Tibia and fibular
46
What action does tibialis anterior do?
Extends/inverts the foot
47
What action does extensor digitorum longus do?
Extends lateral 4 toes
48
What action does extensor hallucis longus do?
Extends the great toe
49
Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?
Middle and distal phalanges
50
Where does tibialis anterior insert?
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
51
Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of the great toe
52
What is the function of the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Flex (plantar flex) the foot and leg
53
Name the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg
Soleus Gastrocnemius Plantaris
54
Give the origin of plantaris
Femur
55
Give the origin of gastrocnemius
Condyles of femur
56
Give the origin of soleus
Tibia and fibular
57
What are the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg supplied by?
Tibial nerve
58
What muscle actions do the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg do?
Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot and flex toes
59
Give the origin of the deep group in the posterior compartment of the leg
Tibia and fibula
60
Name the muscles in the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg
Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus
61
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus
Flexor of lateral 4 toes
62
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
Inverter of the foot
63
What is the function of flexor hallucis longus?
Flexor of the big toe
64
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
65
Where does flexor digitorum longus insert?
Distal phalanges
66
Where does flexor hallucis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of great toe
67
Where does tibialis posterior insert?
Medial cuneiform and navicular
68
What is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Evert foot
69
Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
70
What is the function of fibularis longus?
Everts and plantar flexes foot | Maintains transverse arch
71
Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
72
Give the origin of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibula
73
Where does fibularis longus insert?
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
74
Where does fibularis brevis insert?
5th metatarsal
75
List the contents of the tarsal tunnel
``` Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery/vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus ```
76
What is the clinical significance of the tarsal tunnel?
Pulse
77
What does the lateral plantar artery form?
Deep plantar arch
78
Where does the dorsalis pedis artery sit?
Beside extensor hallucis tendon
79
What does the dorsalis pedis artery anastomose with?
Deep plantar arch
80
What is the clinical significance of the dorsalis pedis artery?
Pulse
81
Which nerves supply the leg?
Terminal branches of the sciatic nerve Tibial nerve - posterior compartment Deep fibular - Anterior compartment Superficial fibular - lateral compartment
82
Give the clinical significance of the tibial nerve
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
83
What does the tibial nerve supply?
Motor to posterior compartment of leg and plantar intrinsic muscles
84
What does the common fibular nerve supply
Motor - Deep - Anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles. - Superficial - Lateral compartment of the leg
85
What is the clinical Significance of the common fibular nerve?
Trauma results in a foot drop
86
What is the function of the medial and lateral plantar (tibial) nerves?
Supply the sole of the foot

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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