Dissection of the forearm

Question 1

Name the common flexor origin

Answer 1

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 2

Name the superficial flexor muscles

Answer 2

Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator teres

Question 3

Name the intermediate flexor muscle

Answer 3

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 4

Where does palmaris longus originate and insert?

Answer 4

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

Question 5

Where does flexor carpi radialis originate and insert?

Answer 5

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

Question 6

Where does flexor carpi ulnaris originate and insert?

Answer 6

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Pisiform bone and 5th metacarpal

Question 7

Where does pronator teres originate and insert?

Answer 7

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Radius

Question 8

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis originate and insert?

Answer 8

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 9

Name the 3 deep flexors of the forearm

Answer 9

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

Question 10

Where does flexor digitorum profundus originate and insert?

Answer 10

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Distal phalanges

Question 11

Where does flexor pollicis longus originate and insert?

Answer 11

Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Distal phalanx of digit 1

Question 12

Where does pronator quadratus originate and insert?

Answer 12

Origin: Distal end of ulna
Insertion: Distal end of radius

Question 13

What is the function of flexor retinaculum?

Answer 13

strong band of fibrous connective tissue
that crosses the wrist and holds the long tendons firmly in place and prevents them from
‘bowstringing’

forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

Question 14

What is the carpal tunnel?

Answer 14

a fibro-osseous tunnel containing the tendons of the superficial and deep flexors as well as
the median nerve

Question 15

What does the brachial artery divide into and where?

Answer 15

Radial and ulnar arteries at the cubital fossa

Question 16

Which muscle overlies radial artery?

Answer 16

Brachioradialis

Question 17

Which muscle overlies ulnar artery?

Answer 17

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 18

Name the branch at the proximal end of the ulnar artery

Answer 18

Common interosseous artery

Question 19

What does the common interosseous artery divide into?

Answer 19

anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

Question 20

Where are the interosseous arteries located?

Answer 20

These arteries run down each side of the

interosseous membrane, which lies between the radius and ulna.

Question 21

At the hand which artery is superficial?

Answer 21

Ulnar

Question 22

Describe the travel of the radial artery

Answer 22

After passing below brachioradialis, winds dorsally at the wrist and crosses the anatomical snuffbox

Question 23

Describe the travel of the ulnar nerve

Answer 23

Passes through the cubital tunnel to gain
access to the forearm.
It travels down the forearm under cover of flexor carpi ulnaris,which it supplies, lying medial to the ulnar artery
As the nerve crosses the wrist it lies superficial to
the flexor retinaculum.
Within the hand it divides into a deep and superficial branch

Question 24

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

Answer 24

flexor digitorum profundus.

many of the intrinsic muscles of the hand,

Question 25

Describe the travel of the median nerve

Answer 25

The median nerve enters the forearm between the two heads of pronator teres, continues into carpal tunnel where it lies between the superficial and deep digital
flexor tendons.

Question 26

What does the median nerve supply?

Answer 26

All the muscles of the anterior compartment with the exception of flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar side of the deep digital flexor
Muscles in the hand forming the ball of the thumb.

Question 27

What does the musculocutaneous nerve enter the forearm as?

Answer 27

lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Question 28

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?

Answer 28

the skin on the dorsal and ventral side of the forearm as far distally as the ball of
the thumb.

Question 29

What is the common extensor origin?

Answer 29

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 30

Give the origin and insertion of brachioradialis

Answer 30

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: Styloid process of the radius

Question 31

Give the function of brachioradialis

Answer 31

Flexor of forearm when half pronated

Question 32

Give the origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 32

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: second metacarpal

Question 33

Give the origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

Answer 33

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of third metacarpal

Question 34

Where does extensor carpi ulnaris originate and insert?

Answer 34

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Question 35

Give the origin and insertion of extensor digitorum

Answer 35

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of d2-5

Question 36

Name 2 accessory extensors

Answer 36

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor indicis

Question 37

Describe the location of the supinator

Answer 37

surrounds the upper third of the radius having taken origin from the ulna and the
humerus. The fibres pass behind the radius and insert into the proximal third of the
anterior aspect of the radius just proximal to pronator teres

Question 38

Describe the radial nerve

Answer 38

Supplies the muscles and skin over the posterior aspect of the upper
limb.

The nerve enters the anterior compartment of the forearm from the lateral side and
supplies brachioradialis and the extensor carpi radialis longus muscles. As it crosses
supinator, it gives off a large deep branch, the posterior interosseous nerve. The deep branch pierces supinator to enter the posterior compartment of the forearm and
supplies the rest of the extensor muscles in the forearm. The superficial branch of the radial nerve carries on down the forearm under cover of brachioradialis. As it approaches the wrist the superficial branch passes deep to the tendon of brachioradialis and divides into several digital branches to supply the skin on the dorsolateral aspect of
the hand