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NUR 110/111 > Musculoskeletal System, C30; WB, > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System, C30; WB, Flashcards

Module/Week 10

1
Q

4 bone types according to shape:

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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2
Q

____ ________ is in Flat Bones & Long Bones’ ends.

A

Red Marrow

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3
Q

Bones are classified according to their ______.

A

shape

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4
Q

Joint’s Range of Motion

A

complete extent of movement joint is normally capable of without pain

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5
Q

Joints can be classified according to the amount of __________ they allow.

A

movement

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6
Q

Fixed Joints ___ move.

A

don’t

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7
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

thick fluid in joint cavity

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8
Q

______ Fluid lubricates joint, which helps joint move smoothly.

A

Synovial

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9
Q

Striations

A

strips

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle is _______ because muscle fibers make muscles look like they have stripes.

A

Striated

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11
Q

Ligament

A

strong fibrous tissue band that crosses over joint capsule, attaches bones to bones, & stabilizes joint

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12
Q

_____________ are strong fibrous tissue bands that cross over joint capsule, attach bones to bones, & stabilize joints.

A

Ligaments

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13
Q

Tendon

A

connective tissue band holding skeletal muscle to bone

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14
Q

__________ is a connective tissue band holding skeletal muscle to bone.

A

Tendon

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15
Q

Skeletal muscles can be attached to other muscles by broad, flat sheet of tendon called _________________.

A

Aponeurosis

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16
Q

Aponeurosis

A

broad, flat sheet of Tendon that attaches skeletal muscle to other muscle

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17
Q

6 Musculoskeletal functions:

A

protection
support
movement
heat production
calcium storage
blood cells production

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18
Q

The muscles of the back, neck, shoulders, and abdomen are responsible for maintaining _________.

A

posture

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19
Q

Skeletal muscles contractions produce ____ & to maintain constant body temperature.

A

heat

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20
Q

Because skeletal muscle is voluntary, it allows us to ____.

A

move

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21
Q

___________ is an important mineral necessary for proper functioning of skeletal & cardiac muscles; also what makes bone tissue hard/strong.

A

Calcium

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22
Q

Bones store _________, which we blood will take if we don’t eat enough from our diet.

A

calcium

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23
Q

Muscle Tone

A

steady contraction of skeletal muscles; helps maintain upright posture (sitting or standing)

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24
Q

________ _____ is steady contraction of skeletal muscles; helps maintain upright posture (sitting or standing).

A

Muscle Tone

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25
Q

___________ a muscle means shortening it & thus bringing some body part closer to core.

A

Contracting

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26
Q

3 aging effects on Musculoskeletal System:

A

bone tissue loss
muscle mass loss
wear & tear on joints

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27
Q

Aging decreases the body’s ability to _________ calcium.

A

absorb

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28
Q

If other conditions, such as poor nutrition, poor circulation, or a lack of physical activity are present, the loss of strong bone tissue occurs much more _______.

A

rapidly

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29
Q

Stump

A

amputated limb’s end that’s left after surgery

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30
Q

_________ is the amputated limb’s end that’s left after surgery.

A

Stump

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31
Q

Atrophy

A

muscle size/strength loss

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32
Q

___________ is muscle size/strength loss.

A

Atrophy

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33
Q

____________ can make muscle Atrophy much more severe.

A

Immobility

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34
Q

As we age, we lose _________ that make ligaments, tendons, & cartilage elastic/flexible, which can lead to stiffness & pain in joints.

A

proteins

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35
Q

Osteoporosis is more common in _____ females; it ____ a normal aging-related change..

A

older, isn’t

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36
Q

Osteoporosis

A

excessive bone tissue loss

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37
Q

____________ is excessive bone tissue loss.

A

Osteoporosis

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38
Q

7 risk factors for developing Osteoporosis:

A
  • Menopause
  • Underweight
  • Smoking
  • Inactivity/immobility
  • diseases of thyroid & adrenal glands
  • diet lacking in calcium, vitamin D (necessary for calcium absorption), & protein
  • certain medications (steroids)
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39
Q

4 bones most commonly affected by Osteoporosis:

A
  • spine
  • pelvis
  • arms’ long bones
  • legs’ long bones
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40
Q

Vitamin _ is needed for calcium absorption.

A

D

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41
Q

If P/R has Osteoporosis, ___________ exercise, _____________ types of foods & liquids person consumes, & encourage snacks that are high in _________.

A

encourage, document, calcium

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42
Q

Arthritis

A

joint inflammation, usually associated with pain & stiffness

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43
Q

________ is joint inflammation, usually associated with pain & stiffness.

A

Arthritis

44
Q

Arthritis is the ______ common Musculoskeletal disorder.

A

most

45
Q

3 most common Arthritis types:

A

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Gout

46
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

cartilage that covers bones’ ends wears away, making joint movement difficult/painful

47
Q

____________ occurs when cartilage that covers bones’ ends wears away, making joint movement difficult/painful.

A

Osteoarthritis

48
Q

Osteoarthritis appears to be the result of normal wear and tear on the joint, which is why it is seen most often in ________ people; it’s a _______________ disorder.

A

older, degenerative

49
Q

Osteoarthritis usually affects ______-_______ joints, such as the ____, ____, & joints of _____ ________.

A

weight-bearing, knees, hips, spinal column

50
Q

Osteoarthritis development process (6):

A
  • begins when smooth cartilage on bones’ ends becomes rough (due to using joint)
  • rough area becomes inflamed
  • bony deposits build up
  • bony deposits rub against/damage cartilage
  • cycle repeats until cartilage wears down to point where bone rubs against bone
  • joint becomes swollen, stiff, & very painful
51
Q

When sitting, P/R who had hip replacement surgery must use _______-_______ chair, & hips must be flexed not >__ degrees with ____ on floor.

A

straight-backed, 90, flat

52
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

condition that can cause severe joint deformities

53
Q

____________ ____________ is a condition that can cause severe joint deformities.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

54
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis is likely an ________________ disorder.

A

autoimmune

55
Q

gout can affect ____ joint, but the ___ ___ is most often affected.

A

any, big toe

56
Q

Gout

A

Arthritis; caused by disturbance in body’s metabolism

57
Q

______ is Arthritis; caused by disturbance in body’s metabolism.

A

Gout

58
Q

In Gout, body makes too much ____ ____ or kidneys are unable to properly process ____ ____, then ____ ____ builds up in body, forming _______ deposited within joints.

A

uric acid (x3), crystals

59
Q

Uric Acid

A

metabolism waste product; usually eliminated from body in urine

60
Q

_____ Acid is a metabolism waste product; usually eliminated from body in urine.

A

Uric

61
Q

Person with Muscular Dystrophy can die because muscles that allow them to breathe eventually become too ____ to perform this vital function.

A

weak

62
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

group of disorders that cause skeletal muscles to become progressively weaker

63
Q

____________ ________ is a group of disorders that cause skeletal muscles to become progressively weaker.

A

Muscular Dystrophy

64
Q

The most common form of Muscular Dystrophy that begins in adulthood is ____________ Muscular Dystrophy (difficulty relaxing muscles after contracting them; muscles may spasm).

A

Myotonic

65
Q

Fracture

A

broken bone

66
Q

____________ Fractures occur in bones that have been weakened by disease process (Osteoporosis, bone cancer).

A

Pathologic

67
Q

Reduction

A

process of bringing bone’s broken ends into alignment

68
Q

____________ is the process of bringing bone’s broken ends into alignment.

A

Reduction

69
Q

ORIF stands for . . .

A

. . . Open Reduction Internal Fixation.

70
Q

Fixation

A

holding bone in one position until Fracture heals

71
Q

___________ holds bone in in position ‘til Fracture heals.

A

Fixation.

72
Q

Closed Reduction

A

lining up bone’s broken ends by pushing/pulling them back into place

73
Q

________ Reduction is lining up bone’s broken ends by pushing/pulling them back into place.

A

Closed

74
Q

External Fixation ______ require surgery.

A

doesn’t

75
Q

A cast is __________ Fixation.

A

External

76
Q

____ Reduction surgically exposes bone to line up broken ends.

A

Open

77
Q

Open Reduction

A

surgically exposes bone to line up broken ends

78
Q

Internal Fixation

A

using metal plates, screws, rods, pins, or wires to hold bone’s broken ends in place until bone heals

79
Q

________ Fixation uses metal plates, screws, rods, pins, or wires to hold bone’s broken ends in place until bone heals.

A

Internal

80
Q

Traction

A

bone’s ends are placed in proper alignment & weight is applied to exert constant pull & keep bone in alignment

81
Q

__________ = bone’s ends are placed in proper alignment & weight is applied to exert constant pull & keep bone in alignment.

A

Traction

82
Q

Total Joint Replacement

A

removing bone’s ends in affected joint & replacing them with metal/plastic parts

83
Q

______ ______ Replacement = removing bone’s ends in affected joint & replacing them with metal/plastic parts.

A

Total Joint

84
Q

Following hip replacement surgery, muscles & ligaments that hold hip joint in place are weak (making femur dislocation easy), so P/R’s legs are _________ to help prevent dislocation.

A

abducted

85
Q

___________ (hormone) helps prevent bone tissue loss in females.

A

Estrogen

86
Q

Spinal column bone ________ causes upper back to curve into deformity known as Kyphosis.

A

crumbling

87
Q

Closed Fracture

A

bone is broken, but broken ends don’t protrude through overlying skin

88
Q

In a ________ Fracture, broken ends don’t protrude through skin.

A

Closed

89
Q

Open/Compound Fracture

A

broken bones’ sharp ends brake through skin

90
Q

_____/_______ Fracture has broken bone sticking out of skin.

A

Open/Compound

91
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

bone bends/splinters, but doesn’t break all the way through

92
Q

___________ Fracture bends/splinters bone, but doesn’t break all the way through.

A

Greenstick

93
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

bone is broken all the way through; broken ends are jammed into each other.

94
Q

___________ Fracture has bone broken all the way through & jammed into itself.

A

Impacted

95
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

bone splinters into several little pieces

96
Q

____________ Fracture splinters bone into several little pieces.

A

Comminuted

97
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

break circles around bone in winding fashion

98
Q

________ Fracture breaks circles around bone in winding fashion.

A

Spiral

99
Q

___ (acronym) exercises preserve joint & muscle function in people who’ve limited musculoskeletal system use.

A

RoM

100
Q

When assisting with RoM exercises, follow nurse’s/Physical Therapist’s care plan _______.

A

exactly

101
Q

When assisting with RoM exercises, move through exercises _____________.

A

systematically

102
Q

When assisting with RoM exercises, avoid moving joint past its _____________ point.

A

resistance

103
Q

3 RoM exercise types:

A

Active
Passive
Active-Assistive

104
Q

3 complications that performing RoM exercises helps prevent:

A

Contractures
permanent muscle weakness
brittle bones

105
Q
A

NUR 110/111 (46 decks)

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