Cardiovascular System, C32; WB, Flashcards
Module/Week 11
1
Q
Cardiovascular System is also known as _________ System.
A
Circulatory
2
Q
Blood’s 2 main parts:
A
Plasma & Blood Cells
3
Q
Plasma
A
blood’s liquid part
4
Q
Blood’s liquid part is called _______.
A
Plasma
5
Q
Plasma is __% water; other __% is substances that dissolved in water (glucose, amino acids, fats, and salts) & proteins.
A
90, 10
6
Q
3 Plasma proteins:
A
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
7
Q
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
are 3 _________ proteins.
A
Plasma
8
Q
Albumin
A
Plasma protein; drives fluid movement in/out of bloodstream
9
Q
________ is a Plasma protein that drives fluid movement in/out of blood stream.
A
Albumin
10
Q
Fibrinogen
A
Plasma Protein; used as part of blood clotting process
11
Q
_________ is a Plasma Protein; used as part of blood clotting process.
A
Fibrinogen
12
Q
Globulins
A
Plasma protein; antibodies; fight infection
13
Q
__________ are Plasma protein; antibodies; fight infection.
A
Globulins
14
Q
3 main blood cell types:
A
- RBCs (Erythrocytes)
- WBCs (Leukocytes)
- Platelets (Thrombocytes)
15
Q
- RBCs (Erythrocytes)
- WBCs (Leukocytes)
- Platelets (Thrombocytes)
are 3 main ______ cell types.
A
blood
16
Q
Platelets/Thrombocytes are responsible for _______________ & Coagulation.
A
Hemostasis & Coagulation
17
Q
WBCs/Leukocytes _________ infection.
A
fight
18
Q
RBCs/Erythrocytes carry ________.
A
oxygen
19
Q
___ blood cells are made in ___ bone marrow.
A
Red, red
20
Q
Phagocytosis
A
“cell eating”
21
Q
RBCs contain _______ called Hemoglobin.
A
protein
22
Q
Hemoglobin is a protein in RBCs that allows them to carry ________.
A
oxygen
23
Q
Oxygen molecules attach to hemoglobin for transport to tissues; when combined with oxygen, __________ is bright red.
A
Hemoglobin
24
Q
Healthy person’s blood contains 5,000 to 10,000 WBCs per ______ ___________.
A
cubic millimeter
25
Healthy person's blood contains _-__ thousand WBCs per cubic millimeter.
5-10
26
Hemostasis
stops blood loss (from Circulatory System)
27
Hemostasis helps __________ microbes from entering body.
prevent
28
___________ stops blood loss (from Circulatory System).
Hemostasis
29
_________/____________ are responsible for blood Coagulation.
Platelets/Thrombocytes
30
Tunica Intima
blood vessels' inside layer; smooth lining that helps blood to flow through vessel
31
________ _________ is blood vessels' inside layer; smooth lining that helps blood flow through vessel.
Tunica Intima
32
Tunica Media
blood vessel's middle layer; formed of smooth muscle tissue that allows blood vessels to constrict/dilate (according to body’s needs)
33
__________ _______ is blood vessel's middle layer; formed of smooth muscle tissue that allows blood vessels to constrict/dilate (according to body’s needs).
Tunica Media
34
Tunica Externa
blood vessels' outer layer; tough protective connective tissue layer
35
________ _______ is blood vessels' outer layer; tough protective connective tissue layer.
Tunica Externa
36
Lymph Node
masses of lymphatic tissue that clean Lymph by removing bacteria & other large particles
37
Lymph Nodes are masses of lymphatic tissue that clean Lymph by removing _________ & other large particles
bacteria
38
Lymph
excess fluid that's been absorbed by Lymph Capillaries from surrounding tissues
39
__________ is excess fluid that's been absorbed by Lymph Capillaries from surrounding tissues.
Lymph
40
Valvular Insufficiency/Regurgitation
thickened/scarred valves that're unable to create seal when closing, which allows blood to flow in wrong direction
41
Thickened/scarred valves that're unable to create seal when closing, which allows blood to flow in wrong direction is called ______________ _____________/___________.
Valvular Insufficiency/Regurgitation
42
Valvular Insufficiency/Regurgitation might need surgery to _____ or ______ damaged valves.
replace, repair
43
Capillary Bed
network of small vessels connecting Venules & Arterioles
44
A network of small vessels connecting Venules & Arterioles is called ____________ ____.
Capillary Bed
45
Arterioles
tiniest Arteries
46
Venules
tiniest Veins
47
A small mass of special tissue in heart, called Sinoatrial Node (Pacemaker), sets pace for contraction by ___________ electrical impulse.
generating
48
Sinoatrial Node
sets pace for heart contraction; small mass of special tissue
49
__________ ______ sets pace for heart contraction; small mass of special tissue.
Sinoatrial Node
50
heme
blood
51
cardio
heart
52
As blood circulates through body & travels through Capillary Beds, it gives _______ & takes ________ _________; number of oxygen molecules on Hemoglobin __________, so blood becomes ________ red in color.
oxygen, carbon dioxide, decrease, darker
53
RBCs are replaced ___________.
continuously
54
Endocardium
heart's smooth inner layer of the heart
55
_____________ is heart's smooth inner layer.
Endocardium
56
Myocardium
heart's middle layer formed of cardiac muscle
57
______________ is heart's middle layer formed of cardiac muscle
Myocardium
58
Epicardium
heart's smooth outermost layer; forms part of Pericardium
59
___________ is heart's smooth outermost layer; forms part of Paricardium.
Epicardium
60
Pericardium
double-layered protective sac surrounding heart
61
__________ is a double-layered protective sac surrounding heart.
Pericardium
62
Thin film of fluid between ____________ & _____________ outer layer allows Pericardial Layers to slide smoothly against one another for each heart pump.
Epicardium, Pericardium's
63
___________ helps filter blood & break down worn-out RBCs.
Spleen
64
Spleen (a part of Lymphatic System) helps _______ blood & break down worn-our ____________.
filter, Erythrocytes
65
Ventricles are _______ in muscle than Atria.
thicker
66
Lymphatic System
one-way system that returns fluid (that leaks into tissues) to bloodstream
67
____________ System is a one-way system that returns fluid (that leaks into tissues) to bloodstream.
Lymphatic
68
Veins are assisted by nearby __________ muscles.
skeletal
69
Tricuspid Valve
separates Right Atrium from Right Ventricle
70
__________ Valve separates Right Atrium from Right Ventricle.
Tricuspid
71
Bicuspid Valve
separates Left Atrium from Left Ventricle
72
___________ Valve separates Left Atrium from Left Ventricle.
Bicuspid
73
Pulmonary Valve
located where Pulmonary Artery attaches to Right Ventricle
74
___________ Valve is where Pulmonary Artery attaches to Right Ventricle.
Pulmonary
75
Aortic Valve
located where Aorta attaches to Left Ventricle
76
______ ______ is located where Aorta attaches to Left Ventricle.
Aortic Valve
77
Rheumatic Fever can cause valves to become __________ & _________; damaged valves are unable to create ___ when they close, which allows blood to flow in wrong direction.
thickened, scarred, seal
78
Sinoatrial Nodes' electrical impulse travels through Myocardium through the ____________ System.
Conduction
79
3 Cardiovascular System functions:
- nutrient transport
- temperature regulation
- protecting from disease
80
Cardiovascular System ________ oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & other necessary substances to cells & _______ waste materials away.
brings, takes
81
Cardiovascular System regulates __________.
temperature
82
Circulatory System carries ____________, which play help fight disease.
Leukocytes
83
When injury occurs, blood has ability to form _____, which helps to protect us against excessive blood loss & microbes entering body.
clots
84
Pulmonary Circulation
Right Atrium & Ventricle pump blood to lungs, where it releases carbon & and picks up oxygen
85
___________ Circulation = Right Atrium & Ventricle pump blood to lungs, where it releases carbon & and picks up oxygen.
Pulmonary
86
Systemic Circulation
Left Atrium & Ventricle pump newly oxygenated blood to body
87
____________ Circulation = Left Atrium & Ventricle pump newly oxygenated blood to body.
Systemic
88
Systole
active phase; Myocardium contracts, sending blood out of heart
89
________ is called heart's active phase because
Myocardium contracts, sending blood out of heart.
Systole
90
Diastole
resting phase; Myocardium relaxes, allowing blood into heart chambers
91
___________ is called heart's resting phase because Myocardium relaxes, allowing blood into heart chambers.
Diastole
92
Cardiac Cycle's 5 parts:
- Atrial Systole
- Ventricular Diastole
- Atrial Diastole
- Ventricular Systole
- Complete Diastole
93
- Atrial Systole
- Ventricular Diastole
- Atrial Diastole
- Ventricular Systole
- Complete Diastole
(in this order) = __________ Cycle
Cardiac
94
When ______ are in Systole, _________ are in Diastole.
Atria, Ventricles
Ventricles, Atria
95
The orderly sequence of Systole & Diastole is crucial for ____________ blood amount pumped throughout body each time heart contracts.
maximizing
96
When taking Apical Pulse, 1st sound = __________ & __________ Valves snapping shut during __________ _________.
Tricuspid, Bicuspid, Ventricular Systole
97
When taking Apical Pulse, 2nd sound = _____________ & ______ Valves closing during ___________ __________.
Pulmonary, Aortic, Ventricular Diastole
98
6 factors that can/might cause faster aging in Cardiovascular System:
- smoking
- poor dietary habits
- exercise lack
- Diabetes
- obesity
- hypertension
99
- smoking
- poor dietary habits
- exercise lack
- Diabetes
- obesity
- hypertension
are factors that might/can cause faster Cardiovascular System _____.
aging
100
Tobacco smoke chemicals cause Arterioles & Capillaries to _________, depriving tissues of blood flow.
constrict
101
Changes in heart tissue (muscle tone & elasticity loss) affect heart's ability to ___________ forcefully.
contract
102
Anemia
group of disorders affecting RBCs
103
A disorder that affects bone marrow can cause decreased number of circulating RBCs, leading to _________.
Anemia
104
___________ is a general term for group of disorders affecting RBCs.
Anemia
105
Anemia ________ blood’s ability to transport oxygen to cells.
decreases
106
Body needs ____ to make Hemoglobin.
iron
107
3 factors that can cause Anemia:
- low RBC numbers
- slow, chronic blood loss
- impaired RBC production
108
- low RBC numbers
- slow, chronic blood loss
- impaired RBC production
are 3 factors that can cause __________.
Anemia
109
If blood clots too easily, clots can form in _____ blood vessels, blocking blood flow & depriving tissues of oxygen & nutrients.
small
110
Thrombus
blood clot
111
Thrombi can _______ from small blood vessels & travel to brain, lungs, or heart.
move
112
Venous Thrombosis
Thrombi form in veins where blood pools because blood is moving so slowly
113
In ___________ ___________, Thrombi form in veins where blood pools because blood is moving so slowly.
Venous Thrombosis
114
Thrombophlebitis
occurs in those with Venous Thrombosis; Thrombi cause vein lining inflammation
115
____________________ occurs in those with Venous Thrombosis; Thrombi cause vein lining inflammation
Thrombophlebitis
116
People with Deep Venous Thrombosis are at high risk for developing ____________ _______________.
Pulmonary Embolism
117
_______________ _____________ life-threatening condition that occurs when an Embolus becomes stuck in Pulmonary Artery.
Pulmonary Embolism
118
Pulmonary Embolism
life-threatening condition that occurs when an Embolus becomes stuck in Pulmonary Artery
119
Pulmonary Artery
carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs
120
_______________ Artery carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs.
Pulmonary
121
An __________ is a Thrombus that moves from one place to another.
Embolus
122
Embolus
moving Thrombus
123
Embolus can be ____-threatening.
life
124
Balloon Angioplasty
technique involving inserting catheter with small balloon into narrow part of affected artery
125
_____________ ____________ is a technique involving inserting catheter with small balloon into narrow part of affected artery.
Balloon Angioplasty
126
In Balloon Angioplasty, balloon is inflated to press Plaque against arterial wall in order to create ______ opening for blood flow.
larger
127
Plaque
fatty deposit
128
Heart Failure
heart can't pump enough blood to meet body's needs
129
_________ ___________ occurs when heart can't pump enough blood to meet body's needs.
Heart Failure
130
__________ that cause Ventricles to lose muscle tone & become large/flabby can cause Heart Failure.
Disorders
131
CHF stands for . . .
. . . Congestive Heart Failure.
132
Congestive/Left-Sided Heart Failure
causes blood to back up in lungs because Left Ventricle’s ability to pump blood into Systemic Circulation is impaired
133
Congestive/Left-Sided Heart Failure causes blood to back up in _____ because _____ Ventricle's ability to pump blood into ____________ Circulation is impaired.
lungs, Left, Systemic
134
Congestive/Left-Sided Heart Failure causes ________ blood in lung's vessels, which causes _______ to leak into lung tissues, which causes _________, which makes breathing _________.
blood, fluid, congestion, difficult
135
Right-sided Heart Failure/Cor Pulmonale causes blood to back up in ________ System because ______ Ventricle’s ability to pump blood into __________ Circulation is impaired.
Venous, Right, Pulmonary
136
Right-Sided Heart Failure/Cor Pulmonale causes veins in legs & abdomen to swell; fluid may leak into tissues, causing significant _____ & skin ___________.
Edema, breakdown
137
Heart Block
common Dysrhythmia type; causes heart to slow down significantly, leading to dizziness or fainting episodes
138
______ ______ common Dysrhythmia type; causes heart to slow down significantly, leading to dizziness or fainting episodes.
Heart Block
139
Heart Block can result from ___________ __________ that damages conduction pathway, or it may occur as part of normal _____ process.
MI, aging
140
Heart block is usually treated with a __________.
Pacemaker
141
Pacemaker
electrical device that stimulates heart to contract
142
A ______________ is an electrical device that stimulates heart to contract.
Pacemaker
143
Sickle Cell Disease
abnormally-shaped RBCs that get stuck in tiny Capillaries (obstructing blood flow & causing pain, swelling, & fever) & are unable to carry oxygen
144
In Sickle Cell Disease, abnormally-shaped RBCs get stuck in tiny __________ (obstructing blood flow & causing pain, swelling, & fever) & are unable to carry ________.
Capillaries, oxygen
145
Sickle Cell Disease is an ___________ disease.
inherited
146
Leukemia
cancer resulting in excessive, improperly-functioning WBC production; abnormally structured WBCs can't protect body from infection
147
Leukemia is cancer resulting in excessive, ___________-functioning WBC production; abnormally ___________ WBCs can't protect body from infection.
improperly, structured
148
Leukemia can be caused by _______ __________ or __________ __________ cancer.
bone marrow, lymphatic tissue
149
Atherosclerosis
narrowing of arteries; can result in blockage; blood can't flow freely through arteries because Plaque builds up on inside of vessel wall; less oxygen & nutrients are delivered to tissues
150
Atherosclerosis is narrowing of __________; can result in _____________; blood can't flow freely through arteries because ________ builds up on inside of vessel wall; ____ oxygen & nutrients are delivered to tissues
arteries, blockage, Plaque, less
151
Atherosclerosis is a form of _______________.
Arteriosclerosis
152
Arteriosclerosis
artery hardening1
153
Atherosclerosis of _______ arteries can cause stroke.
brain
154
Atherosclerosis of _____ arteries can cause Myocardial Infarction.
heart
155
Atherosclerosis of ________ arteries can cause renal failure.
kidneys
156
Atherosclerosis of ___ arteries can cause Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD).
legs
157
Peripheral Vascular Disease
decreased blood flow to leg muscles causes pain & cramping while walking; pain & cramping occur because muscles aren't receiving enough oxygen; tissues in leg die from oxygen lack (amputation may be necessary)
158
PVD is decreased blood flow to leg muscles causes pain & cramping while ________; pain & cramping occur because muscles aren't receiving enough __________; tissues in leg ___ from oxygen lack (_____________ may be necessary)
walking, oxygen, die, amputation
159
Claudication
leg pain/cramping
160
3 medical conditions associated with Atherosclerosis:
Diabetes
Hypertension
Obesity
161
3 factors that increase person’s chances of developing Atherosclerosis:
- smoking
- diet high in saturated fat & cholesterol
- low physical activity
162
Venous/Stasis Ulcers
seen on lower legs, usually in ankle area; pressure of pooled blood in veins forces Plasma out of blood vessels & into surrounding tissues, causing swelling & skin becomes fragile/inflamed; skin breaks down (Ulcer)
163
________/______ Ulcers are seen on lower legs, usually in ankle area; pressure of pooled blood in veins forces Plasma out of blood vessels & into surrounding tissues, causing swelling & skin becomes fragile/inflamed; skin breaks down (Ulcer).
Venous/Stasis
164
Venous/Stasis Ulcers are seen on _______ legs, usually in ______ area; _________ of pooled blood in veins forces ________ out of blood vessels & into surrounding tissues, causing _________ & skin inflammation; skin breaks down (Ulcer).
lower, ankle, pressure, Plasma, swelling
165
Phlebitis
blood pooling in vein causes vein's lining vein to become inflamed
166
Phlebitis has blood __________ in vein causes vein's lining vein to become ___________.
pooling, inflamed
167
Congenital
present at birth
168
____________ means present at birth.
Congenital
169
5 diagnostic tests for Cardiovascular Disorders:
Electrocardiography
Echocardiography
Doppler Ultrasound
Radiography
Stress Test
170
Electrocardiography
sensors that pick up heart's electrical activity are attached to chest
171
______________________ = sensors that pick up heart's electrical activity are attached to chest.
Electrocardiography
172
Some people have an EKG done while exercising; _______ ______.
Stress Test
173
Echocardiography
sound waves are bounced against body to produce image
174
175
_______________ = sound waves are bounced against body to produce image.
Echocardiography
176
Doppler Ultrasound
sound waves are used to check blood flow in arms'/legs' large arteries/veins
177
____________ _____________ = sound waves are used to check blood flow in arms'/legs' large arteries/veins.
Doppler Ultrasound
178
Radiography
x-ray
179
Nitroglycerin can be absorbed through ____.
skin
