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NUR 110/111 > Cardiovascular System, C32; WB, > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System, C32; WB, Flashcards

Module/Week 11

1
Q

Cardiovascular System is also known as _________ System.

A

Circulatory

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2
Q

Blood’s 2 main parts:

A

Plasma & Blood Cells

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3
Q

Plasma

A

blood’s liquid part

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4
Q

Blood’s liquid part is called _______.

A

Plasma

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5
Q

Plasma is __% water; other __% is substances that dissolved in water (glucose, amino acids, fats, and salts) & proteins.

A

90, 10

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6
Q

3 Plasma proteins:

A

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins

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7
Q

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins

are 3 _________ proteins.

A

Plasma

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8
Q

Albumin

A

Plasma protein; drives fluid movement in/out of bloodstream

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9
Q

________ is a Plasma protein that drives fluid movement in/out of blood stream.

A

Albumin

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10
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Plasma Protein; used as part of blood clotting process

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11
Q

_________ is a Plasma Protein; used as part of blood clotting process.

A

Fibrinogen

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12
Q

Globulins

A

Plasma protein; antibodies; fight infection

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13
Q

__________ are Plasma protein; antibodies; fight infection.

A

Globulins

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14
Q

3 main blood cell types:

A
  • RBCs (Erythrocytes)
  • WBCs (Leukocytes)
  • Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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15
Q
  • RBCs (Erythrocytes)
  • WBCs (Leukocytes)
  • Platelets (Thrombocytes)

are 3 main ______ cell types.

A

blood

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16
Q

Platelets/Thrombocytes are responsible for _______________ & Coagulation.

A

Hemostasis & Coagulation

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17
Q

WBCs/Leukocytes _________ infection.

A

fight

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18
Q

RBCs/Erythrocytes carry ________.

A

oxygen

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19
Q

___ blood cells are made in ___ bone marrow.

A

Red, red

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20
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”

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21
Q

RBCs contain _______ called Hemoglobin.

A

protein

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22
Q

Hemoglobin is a protein in RBCs that allows them to carry ________.

A

oxygen

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23
Q

Oxygen molecules attach to hemoglobin for transport to tissues; when combined with oxygen, __________ is bright red.

A

Hemoglobin

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24
Q

Healthy person’s blood contains 5,000 to 10,000 WBCs per ______ ___________.

A

cubic millimeter

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25
Q

Healthy person’s blood contains _-__ thousand WBCs per cubic millimeter.

A

5-10

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26
Q

Hemostasis

A

stops blood loss (from Circulatory System)

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27
Q

Hemostasis helps __________ microbes from entering body.

A

prevent

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28
Q

___________ stops blood loss (from Circulatory System).

A

Hemostasis

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29
Q

_________/____________ are responsible for blood Coagulation.

A

Platelets/Thrombocytes

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30
Q

Tunica Intima

A

blood vessels’ inside layer; smooth lining that helps blood to flow through vessel

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31
Q

________ _________ is blood vessels’ inside layer; smooth lining that helps blood flow through vessel.

A

Tunica Intima

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32
Q

Tunica Media

A

blood vessel’s middle layer; formed of smooth muscle tissue that allows blood vessels to constrict/dilate (according to body’s needs)

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33
Q

__________ _______ is blood vessel’s middle layer; formed of smooth muscle tissue that allows blood vessels to constrict/dilate (according to body’s needs).

A

Tunica Media

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34
Q

Tunica Externa

A

blood vessels’ outer layer; tough protective connective tissue layer

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35
Q

________ _______ is blood vessels’ outer layer; tough protective connective tissue layer.

A

Tunica Externa

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36
Q

Lymph Node

A

masses of lymphatic tissue that clean Lymph by removing bacteria & other large particles

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37
Q

Lymph Nodes are masses of lymphatic tissue that clean Lymph by removing _________ & other large particles

A

bacteria

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38
Q

Lymph

A

excess fluid that’s been absorbed by Lymph Capillaries from surrounding tissues

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39
Q

__________ is excess fluid that’s been absorbed by Lymph Capillaries from surrounding tissues.

A

Lymph

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40
Q

Valvular Insufficiency/Regurgitation

A

thickened/scarred valves that’re unable to create seal when closing, which allows blood to flow in wrong direction

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41
Q

Thickened/scarred valves that’re unable to create seal when closing, which allows blood to flow in wrong direction is called ______________ _____________/___________.

A

Valvular Insufficiency/Regurgitation

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42
Q

Valvular Insufficiency/Regurgitation might need surgery to _____ or ______ damaged valves.

A

replace, repair

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43
Q

Capillary Bed

A

network of small vessels connecting Venules & Arterioles

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44
Q

A network of small vessels connecting Venules & Arterioles is called ____________ ____.

A

Capillary Bed

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45
Q

Arterioles

A

tiniest Arteries

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46
Q

Venules

A

tiniest Veins

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47
Q

A small mass of special tissue in heart, called Sinoatrial Node (Pacemaker), sets pace for contraction by ___________ electrical impulse.

A

generating

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48
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

sets pace for heart contraction; small mass of special tissue

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49
Q

__________ ______ sets pace for heart contraction; small mass of special tissue.

A

Sinoatrial Node

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50
Q

heme

A

blood

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51
Q

cardio

A

heart

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52
Q

As blood circulates through body & travels through Capillary Beds, it gives _______ & takes ________ _________; number of oxygen molecules on Hemoglobin __________, so blood becomes ________ red in color.

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, decrease, darker

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53
Q

RBCs are replaced ___________.

A

continuously

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54
Q

Endocardium

A

heart’s smooth inner layer of the heart

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55
Q

_____________ is heart’s smooth inner layer.

A

Endocardium

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56
Q

Myocardium

A

heart’s middle layer formed of cardiac muscle

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57
Q

______________ is heart’s middle layer formed of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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58
Q

Epicardium

A

heart’s smooth outermost layer; forms part of Pericardium

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59
Q

___________ is heart’s smooth outermost layer; forms part of Paricardium.

A

Epicardium

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60
Q

Pericardium

A

double-layered protective sac surrounding heart

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61
Q

__________ is a double-layered protective sac surrounding heart.

A

Pericardium

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62
Q

Thin film of fluid between ____________ & _____________ outer layer allows Pericardial Layers to slide smoothly against one another for each heart pump.

A

Epicardium, Pericardium’s

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63
Q

___________ helps filter blood & break down worn-out RBCs.

A

Spleen

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64
Q

Spleen (a part of Lymphatic System) helps _______ blood & break down worn-our ____________.

A

filter, Erythrocytes

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65
Q

Ventricles are _______ in muscle than Atria.

A

thicker

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66
Q

Lymphatic System

A

one-way system that returns fluid (that leaks into tissues) to bloodstream

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67
Q

____________ System is a one-way system that returns fluid (that leaks into tissues) to bloodstream.

A

Lymphatic

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68
Q

Veins are assisted by nearby __________ muscles.

A

skeletal

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69
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

separates Right Atrium from Right Ventricle

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70
Q

__________ Valve separates Right Atrium from Right Ventricle.

A

Tricuspid

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71
Q

Bicuspid Valve

A

separates Left Atrium from Left Ventricle

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72
Q

___________ Valve separates Left Atrium from Left Ventricle.

73
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

located where Pulmonary Artery attaches to Right Ventricle

74
Q

___________ Valve is where Pulmonary Artery attaches to Right Ventricle.

75
Q

Aortic Valve

A

located where Aorta attaches to Left Ventricle

76
Q

______ ______ is located where Aorta attaches to Left Ventricle.

A

Aortic Valve

77
Q

Rheumatic Fever can cause valves to become __________ & _________; damaged valves are unable to create ___ when they close, which allows blood to flow in wrong direction.

A

thickened, scarred, seal

78
Q

Sinoatrial Nodes’ electrical impulse travels through Myocardium through the ____________ System.

A

Conduction

79
Q

3 Cardiovascular System functions:

A
  • nutrient transport
  • temperature regulation
  • protecting from disease
80
Q

Cardiovascular System ________ oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & other necessary substances to cells & _______ waste materials away.

A

brings, takes

81
Q

Cardiovascular System regulates __________.

A

temperature

82
Q

Circulatory System carries ____________, which play help fight disease.

A

Leukocytes

83
Q

When injury occurs, blood has ability to form _____, which helps to protect us against excessive blood loss & microbes entering body.

84
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Right Atrium & Ventricle pump blood to lungs, where it releases carbon & and picks up oxygen

85
Q

___________ Circulation = Right Atrium & Ventricle pump blood to lungs, where it releases carbon & and picks up oxygen.

86
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Left Atrium & Ventricle pump newly oxygenated blood to body

87
Q

____________ Circulation = Left Atrium & Ventricle pump newly oxygenated blood to body.

88
Q

Systole

A

active phase; Myocardium contracts, sending blood out of heart

89
Q

________ is called heart’s active phase because
Myocardium contracts, sending blood out of heart.

90
Q

Diastole

A

resting phase; Myocardium relaxes, allowing blood into heart chambers

91
Q

___________ is called heart’s resting phase because Myocardium relaxes, allowing blood into heart chambers.

92
Q

Cardiac Cycle’s 5 parts:

A
  • Atrial Systole
  • Ventricular Diastole
  • Atrial Diastole
  • Ventricular Systole
  • Complete Diastole
93
Q
  • Atrial Systole
  • Ventricular Diastole
  • Atrial Diastole
  • Ventricular Systole
  • Complete Diastole

(in this order) = __________ Cycle

94
Q

When ______ are in Systole, _________ are in Diastole.

A

Atria, Ventricles
Ventricles, Atria

95
Q

The orderly sequence of Systole & Diastole is crucial for ____________ blood amount pumped throughout body each time heart contracts.

A

maximizing

96
Q

When taking Apical Pulse, 1st sound = __________ & __________ Valves snapping shut during __________ _________.

A

Tricuspid, Bicuspid, Ventricular Systole

97
Q

When taking Apical Pulse, 2nd sound = _____________ & ______ Valves closing during ___________ __________.

A

Pulmonary, Aortic, Ventricular Diastole

98
Q

6 factors that can/might cause faster aging in Cardiovascular System:

A
  • smoking
  • poor dietary habits
  • exercise lack
  • Diabetes
  • obesity
  • hypertension
99
Q
  • smoking
  • poor dietary habits
  • exercise lack
  • Diabetes
  • obesity
  • hypertension

are factors that might/can cause faster Cardiovascular System _____.

100
Q

Tobacco smoke chemicals cause Arterioles & Capillaries to _________, depriving tissues of blood flow.

101
Q

Changes in heart tissue (muscle tone & elasticity loss) affect heart’s ability to ___________ forcefully.

102
Q

Anemia

A

group of disorders affecting RBCs

103
Q

A disorder that affects bone marrow can cause decreased number of circulating RBCs, leading to _________.

104
Q

___________ is a general term for group of disorders affecting RBCs.

105
Q

Anemia ________ blood’s ability to transport oxygen to cells.

106
Q

Body needs ____ to make Hemoglobin.

107
Q

3 factors that can cause Anemia:

A
  • low RBC numbers
  • slow, chronic blood loss
  • impaired RBC production
108
Q
  • low RBC numbers
  • slow, chronic blood loss
  • impaired RBC production

are 3 factors that can cause __________.

109
Q

If blood clots too easily, clots can form in _____ blood vessels, blocking blood flow & depriving tissues of oxygen & nutrients.

110
Q

Thrombus

A

blood clot

111
Q

Thrombi can _______ from small blood vessels & travel to brain, lungs, or heart.

112
Q

Venous Thrombosis

A

Thrombi form in veins where blood pools because blood is moving so slowly

113
Q

In ___________ ___________, Thrombi form in veins where blood pools because blood is moving so slowly.

A

Venous Thrombosis

114
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

occurs in those with Venous Thrombosis; Thrombi cause vein lining inflammation

115
Q

____________________ occurs in those with Venous Thrombosis; Thrombi cause vein lining inflammation

A

Thrombophlebitis

116
Q

People with Deep Venous Thrombosis are at high risk for developing ____________ _______________.

A

Pulmonary Embolism

117
Q

_______________ _____________ life-threatening condition that occurs when an Embolus becomes stuck in Pulmonary Artery.

A

Pulmonary Embolism

118
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

life-threatening condition that occurs when an Embolus becomes stuck in Pulmonary Artery

119
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs

120
Q

_______________ Artery carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs.

121
Q

An __________ is a Thrombus that moves from one place to another.

122
Q

Embolus

A

moving Thrombus

123
Q

Embolus can be ____-threatening.

124
Q

Balloon Angioplasty

A

technique involving inserting catheter with small balloon into narrow part of affected artery

125
Q

_____________ ____________ is a technique involving inserting catheter with small balloon into narrow part of affected artery.

A

Balloon Angioplasty

126
Q

In Balloon Angioplasty, balloon is inflated to press Plaque against arterial wall in order to create ______ opening for blood flow.

127
Q

Plaque

A

fatty deposit

128
Q

Heart Failure

A

heart can’t pump enough blood to meet body’s needs

129
Q

_________ ___________ occurs when heart can’t pump enough blood to meet body’s needs.

A

Heart Failure

130
Q

__________ that cause Ventricles to lose muscle tone & become large/flabby can cause Heart Failure.

131
Q

CHF stands for . . .

A

. . . Congestive Heart Failure.

132
Q

Congestive/Left-Sided Heart Failure

A

causes blood to back up in lungs because Left Ventricle’s ability to pump blood into Systemic Circulation is impaired

133
Q

Congestive/Left-Sided Heart Failure causes blood to back up in _____ because _____ Ventricle’s ability to pump blood into ____________ Circulation is impaired.

A

lungs, Left, Systemic

134
Q

Congestive/Left-Sided Heart Failure causes ________ blood in lung’s vessels, which causes _______ to leak into lung tissues, which causes _________, which makes breathing _________.

A

blood, fluid, congestion, difficult

135
Q

Right-sided Heart Failure/Cor Pulmonale causes blood to back up in ________ System because ______ Ventricle’s ability to pump blood into __________ Circulation is impaired.

A

Venous, Right, Pulmonary

136
Q

Right-Sided Heart Failure/Cor Pulmonale causes veins in legs & abdomen to swell; fluid may leak into tissues, causing significant _____ & skin ___________.

A

Edema, breakdown

137
Q

Heart Block

A

common Dysrhythmia type; causes heart to slow down significantly, leading to dizziness or fainting episodes

138
Q

______ ______ common Dysrhythmia type; causes heart to slow down significantly, leading to dizziness or fainting episodes.

A

Heart Block

139
Q

Heart Block can result from ___________ __________ that damages conduction pathway, or it may occur as part of normal _____ process.

140
Q

Heart block is usually treated with a __________.

141
Q

Pacemaker

A

electrical device that stimulates heart to contract

142
Q

A ______________ is an electrical device that stimulates heart to contract.

143
Q

Sickle Cell Disease

A

abnormally-shaped RBCs that get stuck in tiny Capillaries (obstructing blood flow & causing pain, swelling, & fever) & are unable to carry oxygen

144
Q

In Sickle Cell Disease, abnormally-shaped RBCs get stuck in tiny __________ (obstructing blood flow & causing pain, swelling, & fever) & are unable to carry ________.

A

Capillaries, oxygen

145
Q

Sickle Cell Disease is an ___________ disease.

146
Q

Leukemia

A

cancer resulting in excessive, improperly-functioning WBC production; abnormally structured WBCs can’t protect body from infection

147
Q

Leukemia is cancer resulting in excessive, ___________-functioning WBC production; abnormally ___________ WBCs can’t protect body from infection.

A

improperly, structured

148
Q

Leukemia can be caused by _______ __________ or __________ __________ cancer.

A

bone marrow, lymphatic tissue

149
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

narrowing of arteries; can result in blockage; blood can’t flow freely through arteries because Plaque builds up on inside of vessel wall; less oxygen & nutrients are delivered to tissues

150
Q

Atherosclerosis is narrowing of __________; can result in _____________; blood can’t flow freely through arteries because ________ builds up on inside of vessel wall; ____ oxygen & nutrients are delivered to tissues

A

arteries, blockage, Plaque, less

151
Q

Atherosclerosis is a form of _______________.

A

Arteriosclerosis

152
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

artery hardening1

153
Q

Atherosclerosis of _______ arteries can cause stroke.

154
Q

Atherosclerosis of _____ arteries can cause Myocardial Infarction.

155
Q

Atherosclerosis of ________ arteries can cause renal failure.

156
Q

Atherosclerosis of ___ arteries can cause Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD).

157
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

decreased blood flow to leg muscles causes pain & cramping while walking; pain & cramping occur because muscles aren’t receiving enough oxygen; tissues in leg die from oxygen lack (amputation may be necessary)

158
Q

PVD is decreased blood flow to leg muscles causes pain & cramping while ________; pain & cramping occur because muscles aren’t receiving enough __________; tissues in leg ___ from oxygen lack (_____________ may be necessary)

A

walking, oxygen, die, amputation

159
Q

Claudication

A

leg pain/cramping

160
Q

3 medical conditions associated with Atherosclerosis:

A

Diabetes
Hypertension
Obesity

161
Q

3 factors that increase person’s chances of developing Atherosclerosis:

A
  • smoking
  • diet high in saturated fat & cholesterol
  • low physical activity
162
Q

Venous/Stasis Ulcers

A

seen on lower legs, usually in ankle area; pressure of pooled blood in veins forces Plasma out of blood vessels & into surrounding tissues, causing swelling & skin becomes fragile/inflamed; skin breaks down (Ulcer)

163
Q

________/______ Ulcers are seen on lower legs, usually in ankle area; pressure of pooled blood in veins forces Plasma out of blood vessels & into surrounding tissues, causing swelling & skin becomes fragile/inflamed; skin breaks down (Ulcer).

A

Venous/Stasis

164
Q

Venous/Stasis Ulcers are seen on _______ legs, usually in ______ area; _________ of pooled blood in veins forces ________ out of blood vessels & into surrounding tissues, causing _________ & skin inflammation; skin breaks down (Ulcer).

A

lower, ankle, pressure, Plasma, swelling

165
Q

Phlebitis

A

blood pooling in vein causes vein’s lining vein to become inflamed

166
Q

Phlebitis has blood __________ in vein causes vein’s lining vein to become ___________.

A

pooling, inflamed

167
Q

Congenital

A

present at birth

168
Q

____________ means present at birth.

A

Congenital

169
Q

5 diagnostic tests for Cardiovascular Disorders:

A

Electrocardiography
Echocardiography
Doppler Ultrasound
Radiography
Stress Test

170
Q

Electrocardiography

A

sensors that pick up heart’s electrical activity are attached to chest

171
Q

______________________ = sensors that pick up heart’s electrical activity are attached to chest.

A

Electrocardiography

172
Q

Some people have an EKG done while exercising; _______ ______.

A

Stress Test

173
Q

Echocardiography

A

sound waves are bounced against body to produce image

175
Q

_______________ = sound waves are bounced against body to produce image.

A

Echocardiography

176
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A

sound waves are used to check blood flow in arms’/legs’ large arteries/veins

177
Q

____________ _____________ = sound waves are used to check blood flow in arms’/legs’ large arteries/veins.

A

Doppler Ultrasound

178
Q

Radiography

179
Q

Nitroglycerin can be absorbed through ____.

NUR 110/111 (46 decks)

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