Integumentary System, C29; WB, Flashcards
Module/Week 10
Keratin
substance in Epidermis that causes skin cells to thicken & become resistant to water
________ is a substance in the Epidermis that causes skin cells to thicken & become resistant to water.
Keratin
Melanin
dark pigment that gives our skin, hair, & eyes color
__________ is a dark pigment that gives our skin, hair, & eyes color.
Melanin
Sebum
oily substance that lubricates skin & helps prevent drying out
________ is an oily substance that lubricates skin & helps prevent drying out.
Sebum
To help protect against pathogens, Sebum is slightly ______.
acidic.
_________ Glands produce thin, watery liquid containing salt & of other bodily wastes.
Eccrine
Eccrine Glands help cool body through process of ____________.
evaporation
Eccrine glands are in skin that covers ______ of body’s surface area.
most
Apocrine Glands are mostly in _________ & __________ skin.
axillae, perineum
Compared to Eccrine Glands, Apocrine Glands produce _____________ substance.
thicker
Apocrine Glands become active when ___________ starts. As we age, the apocrine glands become less ______.
puberty, active
Epidermis
skin’s outer layer
Skin’s outer layer is called _____________.
Epidermis
Epidermis _______ contain blood vessels & nerve cells.
doesn’t
Dermis is skin’s _______ layer.
deepest
Blood vessels & nerves suppling skin originate in _____________ ________ & send branches into ________.
Subcutaneous Tissue, Dermis
_________ hardens nails, & _______ colors hair.
Keratin, Melanin
Skin is a physical ________ preventing microbes from entering body.
barrier
Body’s first line of defense against invasion of harmful microbes is _____ skin.
intact
Skin helps maintain body’s _____ balance.
fluid
Skin helps regulate body ___________.
temperature
Integumentary System eliminates small _______ amounts.
waste
When person warms up, blood vessels in Dermis _______, allowing _____ blood to flow close to skin’s surface.
dilate, more
When internal temperature is ____, blood vessels in Dermis _______, causing ____ blood to flow near skin’s surface (allowing heat to escape to environment).
high, dilate, more
When internal temperature is ____, blood vessels in Dermis _______, causing ____ blood to flow near skin’s surface (retaining heat).
low, constrict, less
Wrinkles, gray hair, “age spots” are visible signs of ______.
aging
Melanin deposits in certain areas (face or backs of hands) cause ___/_____ Spots.
Age/Liver
Wrinkles form due to __________ loss.
Collagen
Collagen
protein that supports connective tissue (such as that found in Dermis)
____________ is a protein that supports connective tissue (such as that found in Dermis).
Collagen
Due to aging-related __________ adipose tissue (that supports Dermis) in Subcutaneous Layer, making SL less supportive of Dermis, wrinkles happen.
thinning
________ hair is caused by Melanin loss.
Blonde
Jaundice
yellow discoloration of skin & whites of eyes
Jaundice is usually associated with _____ disorders.
liver
Pallor
paleness
Flushing
redness/Erythema
Cyanosis
blue/gray discoloration of skin, lips, & nail beds
Cyanosis develops when tissues aren’t receiving enough ________-____ blood.
oxygen-rich
Pressure Injuries form when . . .
. . . body part presses against surface for long time.
Pressure Injury’s 3 other names:
Pressure Ulcers
Decubitus Ulcers
Bed Sores
Pressure Injuries are particularly likely to form over _____ ______________.
Bony Prominences
Bony Prominences
body parts where very little fat is between bone & skin
Body parts where very little fat is between bone & skin are called _____ _______________.
Bony Prominences
Blood flow lack to tissue causes it to die because tissue needs _______ & ________, which blood has.
oxygen, Nutrients.
Tissue death resulting from oxygen lack is called __________.
Necrosis
Necrosis
tissue death resulting from oxygen lack
Pressure Injuries may be very deep, extending to the ____, & they’re very difficult to ____.
bone, heal
Normal aging process causes changes skin of older person to be _______ & _____, with ______ circulation, making Pressure Injuries more likely to occur.
fragile, thin, circulation
Poor nutrition or/& not enough fluids are factors that ________ chances of developing Pressure Injuries; these factors _____ healing of any wound already formed.
increase, delay
Moisture _________ breakdown if left on skin for long time; broken skin is start of Pressure Injury.
hastens
Person with _____ or/& ______ disorder often has problems getting adequate oxygen &/or nutrients to tissues.
heart, lung
People with circulatory &/or respiratory problems are at greater risk for developing Pressure Injuries because tissues are already deprived of _______ & __________.
oxygen, nutrients
Friction & Shearing can _______ skin & lead to skin __________.
injure, breakdown
Pressure Injuries have _ stages.
5
Stage 1 Pressure Injury
reddened skin area that doesn’t return to normal color after pressure removed; area may then become very pale or white & develop shiny appearance
During S1PI, skin is _________ & doesn’t return to normal color after pressure removed; area may then become very ____ or _____ & develop _______ appearance.
erythemic, pale, white, shiny
Stage 2 Pressure Injury
looks like blister, abrasion, or shallow crater; Epidermis peels away or cracks open, creating Entry Portal for microbes; Dermis may be partially worn away
During S2PI, skin looks like _______, abrasion, or shallow ______; _______ peels away or cracks open, creating ______ _______ for microbes; Dermis may be _________ worn away.
blister, crater, Epidermis, Entry Portal, partially
Stage 3 Pressure Injury
Epidermis & Dermis are gone, subcutaneous fat may be visible in crater; may be drainage from wound
During S3PI, ____________ & _________ are gone, ____________ ___ may be visible in crater; wound may _______.
Epidermis, Dermis, subcutaneous fat, drain
Stage 4 Pressure Injury
damaged tissue’s crater extends through tissues to muscle &/or bone
During S4PI, damaged tissue’s crater extends through tissues to _________ &/or _____.
muscle, bone
U/UPIs need to be ______ (________ dead tissue) to determine Stage.
cleaned, remove
Unstageable/Unclassified Pressure Injury
Epidermis, Dermis, & Subcutaneous tissue loss; depth is covered by Slough or Eschar
Eschar
tough, dry, leathery, dark-colored dead tissue
Tough, dry, leathery, dark-colored dead tissue is called ______.
Eschar
Slough
soft, moist, light-colored dead tissue
Soft, moist, light-colored dead tissue is called _______.
Slough
P/R who must stay in bed must be repositioned every _ ______ (at least).
2 hours
P/R who’s sitting in wheel/chair should be repositioned every _____.
hour
After repositioning a P/R, move check for ____ or ___________ areas on body side that had been bearing P/R’s weight.
pale, reddened
Apply light dusting of a powder containing ____ starch to keep skin dry.
corn
To help prevent shearing caused by P/R sliding down in bed, elevate bed’s head not >__ degrees.
30
Air-Fluidized Bed
supports person on fabric-covered layer of tiny ceramic beads
An ___-________ Bed supports person on fabric-covered layer of tiny ceramic beads.
Air-Fluidized
In an Air-Fluidized Bed, ___ __________ move beads constantly.
air currents
In an Air-Fluidized Bed, moving beads create fluid-like effect (like waterbed but without water) that helps prevent Pressure Injuries by relieving pressure on ___ Prominences.
Bony
Alternating Pressure Bed
supports person on series of compartments that fill with air & deflate on rotating basis
An ____________ _____________ Bed supports person on series of compartments that fill with air & deflate on rotating basis.
Alternating Pressure
XPRT Pulmonary Therapy Surface
offers rotational, percussion, & vibration therapies
Intentional Wound
planned surgical or medical intervention result
A planned surgical or medical intervention result is called an _______________ Wound.
Intentional
Unintentional Wound
unexpected injury that usually results from some type of trauma
An unexpected injury that usually results from some type of trauma is called an ______________ Wound.
Intentional
An Unintentional Wound that’s Open means . . .
. . . skin surface is broken.
An Unintentional Wound that’s Closed means . . .
. . . skin isn’t broken, but there’s damage to underlying tissues.
1st-Intention Wound Healing/Primary Wound Closure)
open wounds are closed surgically with sutures or staples
___-Intention Wound Healing = open wounds are closed surgically with sutures or staples
1st
2nd-Intention Wound Healing
wound cleaned/rinsed & left open to heal from inside out
___-Intention Wound Healing = wound cleaned/rinsed & left open to heal from inside out.
2nd
If wound’s edges can’t be easily brought together or there’s evidence of contamination or infection, ___-Intention Wound Healing is used.
wound may be cleaned/rinsed and left open to heal from the inside out
2nd
3rd-Intention Wound Healing
leaving wound open to ensure no infection, then cleaning & closing edges with staples/sutures to speed healing
___-Intention Wound Healing = leaving wound open to ensure no infection, then cleaning & closing edges with staples/sutures to speed healing.
3rd
When P/R has a wound drain, check for . . . (3)
amount
smell
appearance
Because there’s no need to ______ adhesive tape to change dressing, Montgomery Ties help protect person’s skin from damage caused by frequent removal/reapplication of tape.
remove
Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy
- wound covered with foam/tube dressing
- foam, tubing, margin of healthy skin covered with transparent adhesive film (forming seal)
- tubing’s end connects to vacuum
- pump turned on (creates suction)
- suction (1) removes wound drainage from surface, (2) stimulates blood flow to wound, (3) stimulates new tissue growth
_ degrees of burns exist (in this textbook).
6
1st Degree Burns are also called ____________ Burns.
Superficial
1st Degree/Superficial Burns injury ____________, skin’s outermost layer.
Epidermis
2nd Degree Burns are also called ____________ Partial-Thickness Burns.
Superficial
2nd Degree/Superficial Partial-Thickness Burns penetrate into _______ upper part.
Dermis’s
Blister are often associated with ____ Degree Burns.
2nd
3rd Degree Burns are also called ______ Partial-Thickness Burns.
Deep
_____ Degree/____________ Partial Thickness Burns affect deeper Dermis; dry, pale in color, less painful than ___ Degree/_________ Partial-Thickness Burns (because pain receptors have been destroyed).
3rd, Deep, 2nd, Superficial
___-___ Degree/___-Thickness Burns involve Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Layer, & often muscles & bones.
4th-6th, Full
People with 4th-6th Degree/Full-Thickness Burns need _______ & _____ _______ to heal.
surgery, skin grafts
Eczema
chronic Dermatitis; accompanied by severe itching, scaling, & crusting of skin’s surface
Macule
small, flat, reddened Lesion
A small, flat, reddened Lesion is called a _________.
Macule
Papule
small, raised, firm Lesion
A small, raised, firm Lesion is called a ________.
Papule
Vesicle
small, blister-like lesion that contains watery, clear fluid
A small, blister-like lesion that contains watery, clear fluid is called a ____________.
Vesicle
Pustule
Vesicle that contains Pus
A Vesicle that contains Pus is called a _________.
Pustule
Pus
thick, yellowish fluid that’s a sign of infection
Thick, yellowish fluid that’s a sign of infection is called ___.
Pus
Excoriation
abrasion; scraping away skin’s surface
Scraping away skin’s surface leaves an ___________.
Exocoriation
Fissure
crack in skin
A crack in skin is called a _________.
Fissure
Ulcer
shallow crater formed when tissue dies
An ________ is a shallow crater formed when tissue dies.
Ulcer
