Integumentary System, C29; WB, Flashcards
Module/Week 10
1
Q
Keratin
A
substance in Epidermis that causes skin cells to thicken & become resistant to water
2
Q
________ is a substance in the Epidermis that causes skin cells to thicken & become resistant to water.
A
Keratin
3
Q
Melanin
A
dark pigment that gives our skin, hair, & eyes color
4
Q
__________ is a dark pigment that gives our skin, hair, & eyes color.
A
Melanin
5
Q
Sebum
A
oily substance that lubricates skin & helps prevent drying out
6
Q
________ is an oily substance that lubricates skin & helps prevent drying out.
A
Sebum
7
Q
To help protect against pathogens, Sebum is slightly ______.
A
acidic.
8
Q
_________ Glands produce thin, watery liquid containing salt & of other bodily wastes.
A
Eccrine
9
Q
Eccrine Glands help cool body through process of ____________.
A
evaporation
10
Q
Eccrine glands are in skin that covers ______ of body’s surface area.
A
most
11
Q
Apocrine Glands are mostly in _________ & __________ skin.
A
axillae, perineum
12
Q
Compared to Eccrine Glands, Apocrine Glands produce _____________ substance.
A
thicker
13
Q
Apocrine Glands become active when ___________ starts. As we age, the apocrine glands become less ______.
A
puberty, active
14
Q
Epidermis
A
skin’s outer layer
15
Q
Skin’s outer layer is called _____________.
A
Epidermis
16
Q
Epidermis _______ contain blood vessels & nerve cells.
A
doesn’t
17
Q
Dermis is skin’s _______ layer.
A
deepest
18
Q
Blood vessels & nerves suppling skin originate in _____________ ________ & send branches into ________.
A
Subcutaneous Tissue, Dermis
19
Q
_________ hardens nails, & _______ colors hair.
A
Keratin, Melanin
20
Q
Skin is a physical ________ preventing microbes from entering body.
A
barrier
21
Q
Body’s first line of defense against invasion of harmful microbes is _____ skin.
A
intact
22
Q
Skin helps maintain body’s _____ balance.
A
fluid
23
Q
Skin helps regulate body ___________.
A
temperature
24
Q
Integumentary System eliminates small _______ amounts.
A
waste
25
When person warms up, blood vessels in Dermis _______, allowing _____ blood to flow close to skin's surface.
dilate, more
26
When internal temperature is ____, blood vessels in Dermis _______, causing ____ blood to flow near skin's surface (allowing heat to escape to environment).
high, dilate, more
27
When internal temperature is ____, blood vessels in Dermis _______, causing ____ blood to flow near skin's surface (retaining heat).
low, constrict, less
28
Wrinkles, gray hair, “age spots” are visible signs of ______.
aging
29
Melanin deposits in certain areas (face or backs of hands) cause ___/_____ Spots.
Age/Liver
30
Wrinkles form due to __________ loss.
Collagen
31
Collagen
protein that supports connective tissue (such as that found in Dermis)
32
____________ is a protein that supports connective tissue (such as that found in Dermis).
Collagen
33
Due to aging-related __________ adipose tissue (that supports Dermis) in Subcutaneous Layer, making SL less supportive of Dermis, wrinkles happen.
thinning
34
________ hair is caused by Melanin loss.
Blonde
35
Jaundice
yellow discoloration of skin & whites of eyes
36
Jaundice is usually associated with _____ disorders.
liver
37
Pallor
paleness
38
Flushing
redness/Erythema
39
Cyanosis
blue/gray discoloration of skin, lips, & nail beds
40
Cyanosis develops when tissues aren't receiving enough ________-____ blood.
oxygen-rich
41
Pressure Injuries form when . . .
. . . body part presses against surface for long time.
42
Pressure Injury's 3 other names:
Pressure Ulcers
Decubitus Ulcers
Bed Sores
43
Pressure Injuries are particularly likely to form over _____ ______________.
Bony Prominences
44
Bony Prominences
body parts where very little fat is between bone & skin
45
Body parts where very little fat is between bone & skin are called _____ _______________.
Bony Prominences
46
Blood flow lack to tissue causes it to die because tissue needs _______ & ________, which blood has.
oxygen, Nutrients.
47
Tissue death resulting from oxygen lack is called __________.
Necrosis
48
Necrosis
tissue death resulting from oxygen lack
49
Pressure Injuries may be very deep, extending to the ____, & they're very difficult to ____.
bone, heal
50
Normal aging process causes changes skin of older person to be _______ & _____, with ______ circulation, making Pressure Injuries more likely to occur.
fragile, thin, circulation
51
Poor nutrition or/& not enough fluids are factors that ________ chances of developing Pressure Injuries; these factors _____ healing of any wound already formed.
increase, delay
52
Moisture _________ breakdown if left on skin for long time; broken skin is start of Pressure Injury.
hastens
53
Person with _____ or/& ______ disorder often has problems getting adequate oxygen &/or nutrients to tissues.
heart, lung
54
People with circulatory &/or respiratory problems are at greater risk for developing Pressure Injuries because tissues are already deprived of _______ & __________.
oxygen, nutrients
55
Friction & Shearing can _______ skin & lead to skin __________.
injure, breakdown
56
Pressure Injuries have _ stages.
5
57
Stage 1 Pressure Injury
reddened skin area that doesn't return to normal color after pressure removed; area may then become very pale or white & develop shiny appearance
58
During S1PI, skin is _________ & doesn't return to normal color after pressure removed; area may then become very ____ or _____ & develop _______ appearance.
erythemic, pale, white, shiny
59
Stage 2 Pressure Injury
looks like blister, abrasion, or shallow crater; Epidermis peels away or cracks open, creating Entry Portal for microbes; Dermis may be partially worn away
60
During S2PI, skin looks like _______, abrasion, or shallow ______; _______ peels away or cracks open, creating ______ _______ for microbes; Dermis may be _________ worn away.
blister, crater, Epidermis, Entry Portal, partially
61
Stage 3 Pressure Injury
Epidermis & Dermis are gone, subcutaneous fat may be visible in crater; may be drainage from wound
62
During S3PI, ____________ & _________ are gone, ____________ ___ may be visible in crater; wound may _______.
Epidermis, Dermis, subcutaneous fat, drain
63
Stage 4 Pressure Injury
damaged tissue's crater extends through tissues to muscle &/or bone
64
During S4PI, damaged tissue's crater extends through tissues to _________ &/or _____.
muscle, bone
65
U/UPIs need to be ______ (________ dead tissue) to determine Stage.
cleaned, remove
66
Unstageable/Unclassified Pressure Injury
Epidermis, Dermis, & Subcutaneous tissue loss; depth is covered by Slough or Eschar
67
Eschar
tough, dry, leathery, dark-colored dead tissue
68
Tough, dry, leathery, dark-colored dead tissue is called ______.
Eschar
69
Slough
soft, moist, light-colored dead tissue
70
Soft, moist, light-colored dead tissue is called _______.
Slough
71
P/R who must stay in bed must be repositioned every _ ______ (at least).
2 hours
72
P/R who's sitting in wheel/chair should be repositioned every _____.
hour
73
After repositioning a P/R, move check for ____ or ___________ areas on body side that had been bearing P/R's weight.
pale, reddened
74
Apply light dusting of a powder containing ____ starch to keep skin dry.
corn
75
To help prevent shearing caused by P/R sliding down in bed, elevate bed's head not >__ degrees.
30
76
Air-Fluidized Bed
supports person on fabric-covered layer of tiny ceramic beads
77
An ___-________ Bed supports person on fabric-covered layer of tiny ceramic beads.
Air-Fluidized
78
In an Air-Fluidized Bed, ___ __________ move beads constantly.
air currents
79
In an Air-Fluidized Bed, moving beads create fluid-like effect (like waterbed but without water) that helps prevent Pressure Injuries by relieving pressure on ___ Prominences.
Bony
80
Alternating Pressure Bed
supports person on series of compartments that fill with air & deflate on rotating basis
81
An ____________ _____________ Bed supports person on series of compartments that fill with air & deflate on rotating basis.
Alternating Pressure
82
XPRT Pulmonary Therapy Surface
offers rotational, percussion, & vibration therapies
83
Intentional Wound
planned surgical or medical intervention result
84
A planned surgical or medical intervention result is called an _______________ Wound.
Intentional
85
Unintentional Wound
unexpected injury that usually results from some type of trauma
86
An unexpected injury that usually results from some type of trauma is called an ______________ Wound.
Intentional
87
An Unintentional Wound that's Open means . . .
. . . skin surface is broken.
88
An Unintentional Wound that's Closed means . . .
. . . skin isn't broken, but there's damage to underlying tissues.
89
1st-Intention Wound Healing/Primary Wound Closure)
open wounds are closed surgically with sutures or staples
90
___-Intention Wound Healing = open wounds are closed surgically with sutures or staples
1st
91
2nd-Intention Wound Healing
wound cleaned/rinsed & left open to heal from inside out
92
___-Intention Wound Healing = wound cleaned/rinsed & left open to heal from inside out.
2nd
93
If wound's edges can't be easily brought together or there's evidence of contamination or infection, ___-Intention Wound Healing is used.
| wound may be cleaned/rinsed and left open to heal from the inside out
2nd
94
3rd-Intention Wound Healing
leaving wound open to ensure no infection, then cleaning & closing edges with staples/sutures to speed healing
95
___-Intention Wound Healing = leaving wound open to ensure no infection, then cleaning & closing edges with staples/sutures to speed healing.
3rd
96
When P/R has a wound drain, check for . . . (3)
amount
smell
appearance
97
Because there's no need to ______ adhesive tape to change dressing, Montgomery Ties help protect person’s skin from damage caused by frequent removal/reapplication of tape.
remove
98
Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy
- wound covered with foam/tube dressing
- foam, tubing, margin of healthy skin covered with transparent adhesive film (forming seal)
- tubing's end connects to vacuum
- pump turned on (creates suction)
- suction (1) removes wound drainage from surface, (2) stimulates blood flow to wound, (3) stimulates new tissue growth
99
_ degrees of burns exist (in this textbook).
6
100
1st Degree Burns are also called ____________ Burns.
Superficial
101
1st Degree/Superficial Burns injury ____________, skin's outermost layer.
Epidermis
102
2nd Degree Burns are also called ____________ Partial-Thickness Burns.
Superficial
103
2nd Degree/Superficial Partial-Thickness Burns penetrate into _______ upper part.
Dermis's
104
Blister are often associated with ____ Degree Burns.
2nd
105
3rd Degree Burns are also called ______ Partial-Thickness Burns.
Deep
106
_____ Degree/____________ Partial Thickness Burns affect deeper Dermis; dry, pale in color, less painful than ___ Degree/_________ Partial-Thickness Burns (because pain receptors have been destroyed).
3rd, Deep, 2nd, Superficial
107
___-___ Degree/___-Thickness Burns involve Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Layer, & often muscles & bones.
4th-6th, Full
108
People with 4th-6th Degree/Full-Thickness Burns need _______ & _____ _______ to heal.
surgery, skin grafts
109
Eczema
chronic Dermatitis; accompanied by severe itching, scaling, & crusting of skin's surface
110
Macule
small, flat, reddened Lesion
111
A small, flat, reddened Lesion is called a _________.
Macule
112
Papule
small, raised, firm Lesion
113
A small, raised, firm Lesion is called a ________.
Papule
114
Vesicle
small, blister-like lesion that contains watery, clear fluid
115
A small, blister-like lesion that contains watery, clear fluid is called a ____________.
Vesicle
116
Pustule
Vesicle that contains Pus
117
A Vesicle that contains Pus is called a _________.
Pustule
118
Pus
thick, yellowish fluid that's a sign of infection
119
Thick, yellowish fluid that's a sign of infection is called ___.
Pus
120
Excoriation
abrasion; scraping away skin's surface
121
Scraping away skin's surface leaves an ___________.
Exocoriation
122
Fissure
crack in skin
123
A crack in skin is called a _________.
Fissure
124
Ulcer
shallow crater formed when tissue dies
125
An ________ is a shallow crater formed when tissue dies.
Ulcer
