ahQ6, needs work starting at card 20

Question 1

______ is due to increased Uric Acid & resulting crystallized deposits in joints.

Answer 1

Gout

Question 2

Gout

Answer 2

Arthritis type; caused by disturbance to body’s metabolism

Question 3

Osteoporosis

Answer 3

excess bone tissue loss

Question 4

Excess bone tissue loss is called _____________.

Answer 4

Osteoporosis

Question 5

___________ Fractures occur in bones that’ve been weakened by disease (such as Osteoporosis or bone cancer).

Answer 5

Pathologic

Question 6

Facture

Answer 6

broken bone

Question 7

Osteoarthritis

Answer 7

wearing away of the cartilage that covers bones’ ends (making affected joint movement difficult /painful)

Question 8

Osteoarthritis is the result of degenerated ___________ between bone joints.

Answer 8

cartilage

Question 9

______________ is wearing away of the cartilage that covers bones’ ends (making affected joint movement difficult /painful).

Answer 9

Osteoarthritis

Question 10

Atrophy

Answer 10

muscle tissue thinning/loss

Question 11

Muscle tissue loss/thinning is called _________.

Answer 11

Atrophy

Question 12

___________ directly contributes to muscle Atrophy.

Answer 12

Immobility

Question 13

Passive range-of-motion exercises carry a particular risk of causing harm to the client; you should stop promptly if the person has any complaints of ____.

Answer 13

pain

Question 14

____ (acronym) exercises help to prevent muscle Atrophy, bone strength loss, joint stiffness, brittle bones, & Contractures.

Answer 14

ROM

Question 15

ROM exercises help prevent . . . (5)

Answer 15

muscle Atrophy
bone strength loss
joint stiffness
brittle bones
Contractures

Question 16

Joint mobility loss is called ____________.

Answer 16

Contractures

Question 17

Contracture

Answer 17

joint mobility loss

Question 18

__________ may be necessary to hold the ends of the broken bone in alignment.

Answer 18

Traction

Question 19

Tractions may be necessary to hold the ends of the broken bone in ____________.

Answer 19

alignment

Question 20

A trapeze bar may be attached to the overhead frame of the person’s bed. The person grasps the trapeze bar to assist with moving. The other choices discuss the reasons for applying traction.

Question 21

Aging decreases the body’s ability to absorb calcium, a critical nutrient. When the body cannot get the amount of calcium it needs to function from the diet alone, it begins to draw on the calcium stored in the bones. The loss of calcium will lead to the loss of bone cells. Excessive exercise and a diet high in calcium are not noted to lead to a loss of bone tissue.

Question 22

Most of the calcium we need to function on a daily basis is obtained from calcium-rich foods and beverages, such as milk, cheese, yogurt, broccoli, leafy greens, tofu, and calcium-fortified orange juice. Bananas are a good source of potassium. Oatmeal is a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 23

Researchers believe that rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. In autoimmune disorders, the body’s immune system begins to attack the body’s own tissues. In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks and destroys the cartilage that covers the ends of the bones. Gout is a metabolic disorder. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder. Muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder.

Question 24

In the process of gas exchange, carbon dioxide crosses the alveolar membrane into the alveoli for expiration while oxygen goes from the alveoli to the bloodstream. The blood cells stay in the blood vessels. Carbon dioxide does not undergo a chemical change to become oxygen.

Question 25

An acute asthma attack is usually treated with inhaled drugs called bronchodilators. Bronchodilators quickly stop the muscle spasms responsible for constriction of the airways. The oral medication would take too long to stop the attack and possibly allow the attack to continue to a dangerous and even fatal result. A chest tube is used to treat a pneumothorax or hemopneumothorax. Oral care and bed rest will not stop the asthma attack.

Question 26

Positioning a person in the Fowler’s or semi-Fowler’s position is often helpful. Some people are more comfortable when they assume a forward-leaning position using pillows on the over-bed table. The lateral, supine, and prone positions would not help this client’s breathing improve.

Question 27

If you find a client or resident having difficulty breathing, you should call the nurse for help immediately. The client is already in the best position at the moment. Instructing her to lie down would only exacerbate the breathing difficulty. CPR is not needed. It would be inappropriate for the nursing assistant to teach the client a breathing pattern. This situation is due to the lungs not working correctly which will not be improved by a specific breathing technique.

Question 28

A spinal cord injury may disrupt the nerve impulses that control breathing, creating a need for mechanical ventilation. The individual will need oxygen but it will be delivered either via an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. Bronchodilators would most likely not be necessary in this situation. A chest tube is used to treat a pneumothorax. There is no information to indicate this individual also has this injury.

Question 29

When the processes of aging are combined with chronic illness, immobility, or a lifetime of exposure to toxic chemicals (such as those in pollution and tobacco smoke), the respiratory system’s ability to function properly is significantly reduced.

Question 30

Exercise, mobility, and regular physical activity are measures that have widespread benefits, including the prevention of lung infections. Oxygen and antibiotics are not normally used to prevent lung infections.

Question 31

Individuals who are receiving enteral therapy, especially unconscious individuals, are at an increased risk for aspiration pneumonia because these conditions are related to a decreased ability to swallow effectively. Stasis ulcers, gangrene, and collapse of the lungs are not complications of receiving enteral therapy or unconsciousness.

Question 32

Because of the pumping action of the heart, the blood pressure in arteries and arterioles greatly exceeds that in the veins and venules. The lymphatic system does not distribute oxygenated blood and the surface of erythrocytes, not lymphocytes, is covered with hemoglobin. Thrombocytes are responsible for coagulation.

Question 33

A dysrhythmia is an irregular heart rate, rhythm, or both. Consequently, it is important to prioritize the assessment of the client’s heart rate. The nursing assistant should either ask the nurse or check the nursing care plan to see if an apical pulse is also required. Obtaining the temperature, respiratory rate, and usual blood pressure will also be necessary to obtain as per the orders. The lying and standing blood pressure readings will be important if the client has problems with orthostatic hypotension.

Question 34

Bringing oxygen, nutrients, and other necessary substances (for example, hormones) to the cells and taking waste materials away from them is one of the most important functions of the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system also plays a role in temperature regulation and helps to protect the body from infection and blood loss. The bones of the musculoskeletal system function as a factory for red blood cells. Insulin is produced in the pancreas, in the endocrine system. There are several systems which are involved with metabolic regulation, such as digestive, urinary, endocrine, and the nervous system.

Question 35

The left ventricle is the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs to become oxygenated. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 36

When helping a person with his or her nitroglycerin, avoid handling the pills with bare hands. The drug can be absorbed through the skin, which can cause a decrease in blood pressure and a pounding headache. The pills will not melt, nor will they stain the hands. The health care worker should be careful handling any medication with ungloved hands.