Muscular System - Upper Limb Flashcards
What are the 2 main groups that upper limb muscles are classified into?
muscles attaching upper limb to trunk
- includes pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, and levator scapulae muscles (trunk musculature)
muscles of different regions of upper limb
- includes muscles of scapular, deltoid, arm, forearm, and hand regions
Muscles of Scapular Region
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
all muscles of scapular region except teres major
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
Muscles of Scapular Region
What do the tendons of rotator cuff muscles do?
reinforce shoulder joint capsule (except on inferior aspect) and stabilize joint
Muscles of Scapular Region
What are the 5 muscles
subscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor teres major
Muscles of Scapular Region
Subscapularis
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
MA: medial rotation of shoulder joint
N: upper and lower subscapular nerves
Muscles of Scapular Region
Supraspinatus
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
MA: abduction of shoulder joint
N: suprascapular nerve
Muscles of Scapular Region
Infraspinatus
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
MA: lateral rotation of shoulder joint
N: suprascapular nerve
Muscles of Scapular Region
Teres Minor
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: upper lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
MA: lateral rotation of shoulder joint
N: axillary nerve
Muscles of Scapular Region
Teres Major
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: lower lateral border of scapula
I: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
MA: medial rotation of shoulder joint
N: lower subscapular nerve
Muscles of Deltoid Region
Deltoid Muscle
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: spine of scapula, acromion, and lateral ⅓ of clavicle
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
MA: abduction of shoulder joint
N: axillary nerve
Muscles of Arm
What are the 2 compartments that muscles are contained in?
What are the compartments formed by?
anterior and posterior compartments made by humerus and extensions of deep fascia attaching to humerus
Muscles of Arm
What is the function of muscles of anterior compartment?
What is it innervated by?
MA: flex shoulder and/or elbow joints
I: musculocutaneous nerve
Muscles of Arm
What is the function of muscles of posterior compartment?
What is it innervated by?
MA: extends shoulder and elbow joint
I: radial nerve
Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment
What are the 3 muscles?
biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
brachialis
Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment
Biceps Brachii
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O:
- long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- short head: coracoid process of scapula
I: radial tuberosity of radius
MA: flexion of elbow joint and supination of forearm
N: musculocutaneous nerve
Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment
Coracobrachialis
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: coracoid process of scapula
I: midshaft of humerus
MA: flexion of shoulder joint
N: musculocutaneous nerve
Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment
Brachialis
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O: anterior surface of distal shaft of humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity
MA: flexion of elbow joint
N: musculocutaneous nerve
Muscles of Arm - Posterior Compartment
What is the muscle of the posterior compartment?
triceps brachii
Muscles of Arm
Triceps Brachii
- origin
- insertion
- main action(s)
- nerve
O:
- long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral and medial heads: posterior shaft of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
MA: extension of elbow joint
N: radial nerve
Muscles of Forearm
What are the 2 compartments that muscles are contained in?
What are the compartments made by?
anterior (flexor-pronator)
posterior (extensor-supinator)
made by radius, ulna, interosseous membrane, and extension of deep fascia attaching to radius
Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment
What is the anterior compartment subdivided into?
superficial, intermediate, and deep layers
Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment
Where do the majority of muscles originate and insert?
O: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
I: radius, metacarpals, and phalanges
Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment
What actions are the muscles involved in?
pronation of forearm, and flexion of wrist and fingers
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment
What are the 4 muscles?
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment
Pronator Teres
- nerve
median nerve
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- nerve
median nerve
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment
Palmaris Longus
- nerve
median nerve
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- nerve
ulnar nerve
Muscles of Forearm - Intermediate Layer of Anterior Compartment
What is the 1 muscle?
What nerve is it innervated by?
flexor digitorum superficialis
innervated by median nerve
Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment
What are the 3 muscles?
flexor digitorum
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus