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+ CAPS 391 > Muscular System - Upper Limb > Flashcards

Muscular System - Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main groups that upper limb muscles are classified into?

A

muscles attaching upper limb to trunk
- includes pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, and levator scapulae muscles (trunk musculature)

muscles of different regions of upper limb
- includes muscles of scapular, deltoid, arm, forearm, and hand regions

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2
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

all muscles of scapular region except teres major

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

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3
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

What do the tendons of rotator cuff muscles do?

A

reinforce shoulder joint capsule (except on inferior aspect) and stabilize joint

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4
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

What are the 5 muscles

A 
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
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5
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Subscapularis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

MA: medial rotation of shoulder joint

N: upper and lower subscapular nerves

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6
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Supraspinatus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

MA: abduction of shoulder joint

N: suprascapular nerve

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7
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Infraspinatus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

MA: lateral rotation of shoulder joint

N: suprascapular nerve

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8
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Teres Minor

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: upper lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

MA: lateral rotation of shoulder joint

N: axillary nerve

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9
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Teres Major

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: lower lateral border of scapula

I: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

MA: medial rotation of shoulder joint

N: lower subscapular nerve

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10
Q

Muscles of Deltoid Region

Deltoid Muscle

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: spine of scapula, acromion, and lateral ⅓ of clavicle

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

MA: abduction of shoulder joint

N: axillary nerve

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11
Q

Muscles of Arm

What are the 2 compartments that muscles are contained in?

What are the compartments formed by?

A

anterior and posterior compartments made by humerus and extensions of deep fascia attaching to humerus

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12
Q

Muscles of Arm

What is the function of muscles of anterior compartment?

What is it innervated by?

A

MA: flex shoulder and/or elbow joints

I: musculocutaneous nerve

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13
Q

Muscles of Arm

What is the function of muscles of posterior compartment?

What is it innervated by?

A

MA: extends shoulder and elbow joint

I: radial nerve

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14
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

What are the 3 muscles?

A

biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
brachialis

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15
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

Biceps Brachii

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O:

  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • short head: coracoid process of scapula

I: radial tuberosity of radius

MA: flexion of elbow joint and supination of forearm

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

Coracobrachialis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: midshaft of humerus

MA: flexion of shoulder joint

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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17
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

Brachialis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: anterior surface of distal shaft of humerus

I: ulnar tuberosity

MA: flexion of elbow joint

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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18
Q

Muscles of Arm - Posterior Compartment

What is the muscle of the posterior compartment?

A

triceps brachii

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19
Q

Muscles of Arm

Triceps Brachii

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O:

  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle
  • lateral and medial heads: posterior shaft of humerus

I: olecranon process of ulna

MA: extension of elbow joint

N: radial nerve

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20
Q

Muscles of Forearm

What are the 2 compartments that muscles are contained in?

What are the compartments made by?

A

anterior (flexor-pronator)
posterior (extensor-supinator)

made by radius, ulna, interosseous membrane, and extension of deep fascia attaching to radius

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21
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment

What is the anterior compartment subdivided into?

A

superficial, intermediate, and deep layers

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22
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment

Where do the majority of muscles originate and insert?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

I: radius, metacarpals, and phalanges

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23
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment

What actions are the muscles involved in?

A

pronation of forearm, and flexion of wrist and fingers

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24
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment

What are the 4 muscles?

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

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25
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment Pronator Teres - nerve
median nerve
26
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment Flexor Carpi Radialis - nerve
median nerve
27
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment Palmaris Longus - nerve
median nerve
28
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - nerve
ulnar nerve
29
Muscles of Forearm - Intermediate Layer of Anterior Compartment What is the 1 muscle? What nerve is it innervated by?
flexor digitorum superficialis innervated by median nerve
30
Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment What are the 3 muscles?
flexor digitorum flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
31
Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment Flexor Digitorum - nerve
medial and ulnar nerves
32
Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment Flexor Pollicis Longus - nerve
median nerve
33
Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment Pronator Quadratus - nerve
median nerve
34
Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment What are the muscles subdivided into?
superficial and deep layers
35
Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment Where do the majority of muscles originate and insert?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon) I: radius, metacarpals, and phalanges
36
Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment How are tendons of these muscles held in place?
by extensor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia), while passing behind wrist
37
Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment What are the muscles innervated by?
radial nerve
38
Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment What do tendons of extensor muscles of fingers expand to form?
extensor hood or dorsal digital expansion (triangular expansion) on dorsal aspect of proximal phalanges
39
Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment What do expansions of extensor muscles of fingers receive? Where do they insert?
receives tendons of lumbricals and interossei muscles inserts to middle and distal phalanges
40
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Posterior Compartment What are the 7 muscles?
- brachioradialis - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor digitorum - extensor digiti minimi - extensor carpi ulnaris - anconeus
41
Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Posterior Compartment Brachioradialis - origin - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
(exception: is a flexor muscle) O: upper part of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus I: styloid process of radius MA: flexion of elbow joint N: radial nerve
42
Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Posterior Compartment What are the 5 muscles?
- supinator - abductor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis - extensor pollicis longus - extensor indicis
43
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand How are muscles classified?
thenar hypothenar central
44
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand Where are central groups of muscles?
deep to palmar aponeurosis (thickening of deep fascia of palm of hand) that protects soft tissues of center of palm
45
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand What do thenar muscles do?
form thenar eminence at base of thumb, and move thumb by abduction/flexion/opposition
46
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar Where do muscles originate and insert?
O: some of carpal bones I: first metacarpal or proximal phalanx of thumb
47
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar What are muscles innervated by?
median nerve
48
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar What are the 3 thenar muscles?
abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis
49
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar Abductor Pollicis Brevis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: abduction of 1st carpometacarpal joint N: median nerve
50
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar Flexor Pollicis Brevis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: flexion of 1st carpometacarpal joint N: median nerve
51
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar Opponens Pollicis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: opposition of thumb N: median nerve
52
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar What do the muscles do?
form hypothenar eminence at base of 5th finger, and move this finger by abduction/flexion/opposition
53
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar Where do most muscles originate and insert?
O: some carpal bones I: 5th metacarpal or proximal phalanx of 5th finger
54
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar What are muscles innervated by?
ulnar nerve
55
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar What are the 3 muscles?
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis opponens digiti minimi
56
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar Abductor Digiti Minimi - main action(s) - nerve
MA: abduction of 5th metacarpophalangeal joint N: ulnar nerve
57
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: flexion of 5th metacarpophalangeal joint N: ulnar nerve
58
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar Opponens Digiti Minimi - main action(s) - nerve
MA: opposition of 5th finger N: ulnar nerve
59
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group What are the 4 muscles?
adductor pollicis lumbricals (4) dorsal interossei (4) palmar interossei (4)
60
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group What are lumbricals?
4 superficial worm-like muscles underneath palmar aponeurosis of hand
61
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group What are dorsal interossei?
4 muscles that mainly abduct fingers 2-4
62
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group What are palmar interossei?
4 muscles that mainly adduct fingers 2-4
63
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group Adductor Pollicis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: adduction of 1st carpometacarpal joint (the only muscle in central group that moves thumb) N: ulnar nerve
64
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group Lumbricals (4) - main action(s) - nerve
MA: flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints of fingers 2-5 N: median (fingers 1 and 2) and ulnar (fingers 3 and 4) nerves
65
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group Dorsal Interossei (4) - main action(s) - nerve
MA: abduction of metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints of fingers 2-4 N: ulnar nerve
66
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group Palmar Interossei (4) - main action(s) - nerve
MA: adduction of metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints of fingers 2, 4, 5 N: ulnar nerve
67
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb Where are the transitional areas?
between the 3 major subdivisions (shoulder, arm, forearm)
68
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb What are the 3 areas?
axilla cubital fossa carpal tunnel
69
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla What is the axilla?
pyramidal space between root of neck and shoulder area
70
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla What is the axilla a passage for?
blood vessels and nerves of upper limb (axillary artery, vein and cords of brachial plexus)
71
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla What are the 4 walls? What are they formed by?
anterior wall: formed by pectoralis major and minor muscles medial wall: formed by thoracic wall (down to 5th rib) and overlying serratus anterior muscle posterior wall: formed by subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi muscles, and scapula lateral wall: formed by intertubercular groove of humerus
72
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla What is the base formed by?
skin of armpit
73
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla What is the apex formed by?
behind middle ⅓ of clavicle
74
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Cubital Fossa What is the cubital fossa? What is it bounded by?
triangular space bounded laterally by brachioradialis muscles, medially by pronator teres, and superiorly by imaginary line joining medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus
75
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Cubital Fossa What does the cubital fossa contain?
median and radial nerves, and brachial artery
76
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Carpal Tunnel What is the carpal tunnel? What is it made by?
fibro-osseous tunnel made by carpal bones and flexor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia) in front of wrist joint
77
Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Carpal Tunnel What does the carpal tunnel contain?
tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus muscles, and median nerve

+ CAPS 391 (28 decks)

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