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+ CAPS 391 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the female reproductive system? (6)

A 
ovaries
pair of uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
external genital organs
mammary glands (breasts)
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2
Q

Ovaries

What are the ovaries?

A

two almond-shaped organs located on lateral wall of true pelvic cavity

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3
Q

Ovaries

What do they do?

A

produce female gametes (ovum) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

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4
Q

Ovaries

How many surfaces, borders, and poles are there?

What are they?

A
  • 2 surfaces (lateral and medial)
  • 2 borders (anterior and posterior)
  • 2 poles (superior and inferior)
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5
Q

Ovaries

What is the anterior border attached to?

A

mesovarium

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6
Q

Ovaries

What does the anterior border carry?

A

ovarian hilum where ovarian blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics enter or exit ovary

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7
Q

Ovaries

What is the posterior border attached to?

A

free

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8
Q

Ovaries

Describe ovarian surfaces before and after puberty.

A

before: smooth
after: rough, due to ovulation

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9
Q

Ovaries

What are ovaries held in place by?

A

3 ligaments

  • ligament of ovary
  • suspensory ligament
  • mesovarium
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10
Q

Ovaries

What does the ligament of ovary do?

A

attaches inferior pole of ovary to lateral wall of uterus, near entrance of uterine tube

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11
Q

Ovaries

What is the suspensory ligament?

What does it do?

A

double-layer fold of peritoneum

attaches superior pole of ovary to posterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

Ovaries

What does the suspensory ligament carry?

A

ovarian vessels and nerves from posterior abdominal wall to and between 2 layers of the broad ligament

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13
Q

Ovaries

What is the mesovarium?

A

double-layer fold of peritoneum stretched between anterior border of ovary and posterior layer of the broad ligament

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14
Q

Ovaries

What does the mesovarium carry?

A

ovarian vessels, nerves, and lymphatics from the broad ligament into ovary via ovarian hilum

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15
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What are the uterine tubes?

A

muscular tubes located on superior border of broad ligament

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16
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What do they do?

A

connects uterine cavity to peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What do they carry?

A

carries sperms towards ovaries, or fertilized egg towards uterine cavity

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18
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What are the 4 parts?

A
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
  • uterine part (intramural)
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19
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What is the infundibulum?

A

funnel-shaped lateral end of tube that hangs over ovary

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20
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What does the free margin of the infundibulum carry?

A

carries fimbriae (finger-like projections) – one called ovarian fimbria that is longer and attaches to ovary

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21
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What does the infundibulum do?

A

collects released ovum from surface of ovary

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22
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What is the ampulla?

A

most dilated part of uterine tube forming lateral ⅔ of it

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23
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What is the isthmus?

A

narrowest part of uterine tube that forms medial ⅓ of it

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24
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

Where does the uterine part (intramural) pass?

A

passes through thickness of uterine wall and opens into uterine cavity

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25
Uterus What is the uterus?
inverted pear-shaped hollow organ with thick muscular walls part of passageway for sperms’ journey towards ovaries, and also source of menstrual flow
26
Uterus What does the uterus do?
accommodates and nourishes the fertilized ovum
27
Uterus How many surfaces and borders are there? What are they?
- 2 surfaces (superior and inferior) | - 2 lateral borders
28
Uterus What are the surfaces covered by?
peritoneum
29
Uterus What are the surfaces related to?
sigmoid colon and small intestine loops (superior surface) urinary bladder (inferior surface)
30
Uterus What are the 3 parts?
- fundus - body - cervix (neck)
31
Uterus Where is the fundus?
located superior to entrance of uterine tubes
32
Uterus Where is the body?
middle part located between fundus and cervix (neck)
33
Uterus What is the isthmus?
distal ⅓ of body
34
Uterus Where is the cervix (neck)?
extends between isthmus and vagina
35
Uterus What is the shape of the uterine cavity?
triangular in coronal/frontal section
36
Uterus What does the uterine cavity connect with?
connects with cervical canal via internal os (opening)
37
Uterus What does the cervical canal open into?
opens into vagina through external os
38
Uterus How does the uterus form angles?
arches anteriorly over empty urinary bladder and forms 2 angles
39
Uterus What are the 2 angles that the uterus arches to form?
- anteversion angle | - anteflexion angle
40
Uterus What is the anteversion angle?
angle between axis of cervix and axis of vagina that opens anteriorly
41
Uterus What is the anteflexion angle?
angle between axis of uterine body and axis of cervix
42
Uterus What do ligaments do?
support and maintain weight and position on either side
43
Uterus What are the 5 ligaments?
- broad ligament - round ligament of uterus - transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament - pubocervical ligament - uterosacral ligament
44
Uterus What is the broad ligament?
double-layer membrane made by peritoneum that extends from lateral border of uterus to lateral pelvic wall and pelvic floor
45
Uterus What does the broad ligament contain?
- uterine tube on its superior border | - ligament of ovary and round ligament of uterus inferior to uterine tube
46
Uterus What is the mesosalpinx?
part of broad ligament between uterine tube and mesovarium that forms mesentery for uterine tube
47
Uterus What is the mesometrium?
major part of broad ligament, inferior to mesosalpinx and mesovarium, that serves as mesentery for uterus
48
Uterus Where is the round ligament of uterus start?
starts from superolateral angle of uterus, passes through inguinal canal, and blends with connective tissue of labium major
49
Uterus What does the transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament do?
connects uterine cervix, and superior part of vagina to lateral pelvic wall
50
Uterus What does the pubocervical ligament do?
anchors cervix of uterus to posterior surface of pubis
51
Uterus Where is the uterosacral ligament?
extends from inferior part of anterior surface of sacrum to cervix, and superior part of vagina
52
Vagina What is the vagina?
fibromuscular tube that starts at vestibule receptacle for penis during sexual intercourse, and passageway for sperms, menstrual flow, and childbirth
53
Vagina Where does it start, pass, and end?
runs posterosuperiorly between rectum and urinary bladder, and ends to cervix of uterus
54
Vagina What is the hymen?
thin mucus membrane that partially closes entrance of vagina
55
Vagina Describe the structure when the vagina is collapsed?
anterior and posterior walls are in contact, at proximal end where it surrounds cervix of uterus to form fornix (circular recess)
56
Vagina What is the fornix subdivided into?
anterior, posterior, and 2 lateral parts
57
Female External Genitalia What are the structures also called?
vulva or pudendum
58
Female External Genitalia What are the 6 parts?
- mons pubis - labia majora - labia minora - vestibule - clitoris - greater vestibular glands
59
Female External Genitalia What is the mons pubis?
skin prominence in front of symphysis pubis that contains fat
60
Female External Genitalia What are the labia majora?
2 skin folds that contain fat, and are covered by coarse hairs after puberty (equivalent to scrotum in males)
61
Female External Genitalia What are the labia minora?
2 hairless skin folds partially concealed by labia majora on outside
62
Female External Genitalia What is the vestibule?
cleft between 2 labia minora that receives openings of urethra anteriorly, and vagina posteriorly
63
Female External Genitalia What is the clitoris?
homologous to penis, located at anterior end of vestibule
64
Female External Genitalia What are the 2 parts of the clitoris?
root | body
65
Female External Genitalia - Clitoris What is the root formed by? How is the body formed?
left and right crura, and right and left bulbs of vestibule crura continue anteriorly to form corpora cavernosa in body of clitoris bulbs of vestibule continue anteriorly to form glans of clitoris in body of clitoris
66
Female External Genitalia - Clitoris What is the prepuce formed by?
extension of labia minora encircles body on either side to form prepuce
67
Female External Genitalia What are the greater vestibular glands?
pair of glands deep to skin, and posterolateral to vestibule
68
Female External Genitalia What are greater vestibular glands homologous to in males?
bulbourethral glands
69
Female External Genitalia What do greater vestibular glands do?
release their secretion by small ducts into vestibule posterolateral to vaginal orifice to lubricate vagina during sexual arousal
70
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What are the mammary glands?
modified sweat glands located within superficial fascia of pectoral region
71
Mammary Glands (Breasts) Where is the relatively round base?
extended vertically between rib II-VI, and transversely between sternum and midaxillary line
72
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What is the nipple?
conical projection surrounded by areola (circular pigmented skin)
73
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What do they consist of?
number of lobes that are drained by individual ducts which open into the nipple
74
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What are suspensory ligaments?
bands of connective tissue between mammary gland lobes of breast that arise from skin, and attach to deep fascia covering pectoralis major muscle
75
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What do suspensory ligaments do?
support weight of breast
76
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What supplies blood for the breast? (3)
- branches of internal thoracic artery - anterior and posterior intercostal arteries - axillary artery
77
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What innervates the skin of the breast?
4th-6th intercostal nerves provide general sensory innervation these nerves also carry sympathetic fibers to supply smooth muscle fibers in wall of blood vessels, areola, and nipple
78
Mammary Glands (Breasts) What is the secretion and ejection of milk controlled by? (2)
- prolactin hormone secreted by anterior pituitary | - oxytocin hormone secreted by hypothalamus

+ CAPS 391 (28 decks)

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