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+ CAPS 391 > Muscular System - Lower Limb > Flashcards

Muscular System - Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is medial epicondylitis (golf elbow)?

A

forceful and repeated bending of the wrist and fingers that cause tiny ruptures of common flexor tendon

golfing is only one of the causes of pain at this bone

in the golf swing, flexor muscles and tendons must tighten to hit the ball

similar tasks that require repeated bending of the wrist, gripping, grasping, and turning the hand

small tears in muscle begin to heal but when re-injured by continued use, become painful

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2
Q

What are symptoms of medial epicondylitis?

A

symptoms include tenderness and pain at medial epicondyle, made worse by flexing the wrist

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3
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?

A

common extensor tendon becomes painful and tender,
usually as a result of a specific strain, overuse, or a direct bang

sometimes no specific cause is found

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4
Q

What are symptoms of lateral epicondylitis?

A

tenderness and pain of outer part of lateral

epicondyle

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5
Q

Muscles of Gluteal Region

What are the 2 groups?

A

superficial group: mainly extensor and abductor of hip joint

deep group: mainly lateral rotator of hip joint

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6
Q

Muscles of Gluteal Region

What are the muscles innervated by?

A

branches of sacral plexus

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7
Q

Muscles of Superficial Group of Gluteal Region

What are the 4 muscles of this group?

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

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8
Q

Muscles of Superficial Group of Gluteal Region

Gluteus Maximus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: sacroiliac crest - ilium, posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

I: gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

MA: extension of hip joint

N: inferior gluteal nerve

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9
Q

Muscles of Superficial Group of Gluteal Region

What is the iliotibial tract?
What does it attach to?

A

thickening of deep fascia of thigh (fascia lata) on lateral side – attaches to lateral tibial condyle

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10
Q

Muscles of Superficial Group of Gluteal Region

Gluteus Medius

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

I: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

MA: abduction of hip joint

N: superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

Muscles of Superficial Group of Gluteal Region

Gluteus Minimus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

I: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

MA: abduction of hip joint

N: superior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

Muscles of Superficial Group of Gluteal Region

Tensor Fascia Lata

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: anterior part of iliac crest and ASIS

I: iliotibial tract

MA:

  • flexion of hip joint
  • medial rotation of hip joint
  • abduction of hip joint

N: superior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

Muscles of Deep Group of Gluteal Region

What are the 5 muscles of this group?

A 
piriformis
superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
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14
Q

Muscles of Deep Group of Gluteal Region

Piriformis

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: lateral rotation of hip joint

N: anterior rami of S1 and S2 (sacral plexus)

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15
Q

Muscles of Deep Group of Gluteal Region

Superior Gemellus

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: lateral rotation of hip joint

N: nerve to obturator internus (sacral plexus)

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16
Q

Muscles of Deep Group of Gluteal Region

Obturator Internus

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: lateral rotation of hip joint

N: nerve to obturator internus (sacral plexus)

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17
Q

Muscles of Deep Group of Gluteal Region

Inferior Gemellus

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: lateral rotation of hip joint

N: nerve to quadratus femoris (sacral plexus)

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18
Q

Muscles of Deep Group of Gluteal Region

Quadratus Femoris

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: lateral rotation of hip joint

N: nerve to quadratus femoris (sacral plexus)

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19
Q

Muscles of Thigh

What are the 3 compartments?

A

anterior compartment: mainly extensors of knee joint

medial compartment: mainly adductors of hip joint

posterior compartment: (hamstrings) mainly flexors of knee joint

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20
Q

Muscles of Thigh

What are the 3 compartments made by?

A

made by femur and extensions of deep fascia of thigh attaching to femur

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21
Q

Muscles of Thigh

What is the anterior compartment innervated by?

A

femoral nerves

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22
Q

Muscles of Thigh

What is the medial compartment innervated by?

A

obturator nerve (mostly)

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23
Q

Muscles of Thigh

What is the posterior compartment innervated by?

A

sciatic nerve

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24
Q

Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Thigh

What are the 4 muscles of this compartment?

A

psoas major
iliacus
sartorius
quadriceps - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

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25
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Thigh Psoas Major - origin - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
O: transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae and intervening discs I: lesser trochanter of femur MA: flexion and lateral rotation of hip joint N: anterior rami of L1-L3
26
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Thigh Iliacus - origin - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
O: iliac fossa I: lesser trochanter of femur MA: flexion and lateral rotation of hip joint N: femoral nerve
27
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Thigh Sartorius - main action(s) - nerve
MA: - flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of hip joint - flexion and medial rotation of knee joint N: femoral nerve
28
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Thigh Quadriceps - main action(s) - nerve
MA: - extension of knee joint - flexion of hip joint (rectus femoris ONLY) N: femoral nerve
29
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Thigh What is the iliopsoas muscle? What is it formed by?
main flexor of hip joint formed by psoas major + iliacus muscles
30
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh What are the 6 muscles of this compartment?
``` pectineus gracilis adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus obturator externus ```
31
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh Pectineus - main action(s) - nerve
MA: adduction and flexion of hip joint N: femoral nerve
32
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh Gracilis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: - adduction of hip joint - flexion of knee joint N: obturator nerve
33
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh Adductor Longus - main action(s) - nerve
MA: adduction of hip joinT N: obturator nerve
34
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh Adductor Brevis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: adduction of hip joint N: obturator nerve
35
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh Adductor Magnus - Adductor Part - main action(s) - nerve
MA: adduction of hip joint N: obturator nerve
36
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh Adductor Magnus - Hamstring Part - main action(s) - nerve
MA: extension of hip joint N: tibial nerve
37
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh Obturator Externus - main action(s) - nerve
MA: lateral rotation of hip joint N: obturator nerve
38
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh What is the adductor hiatus?
opening between two insertions of adductor magnus muscle (adductor tubercle) passage for femoral artery and vein
39
Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh - Hamstrings What are the 3 muscles of this compartment?
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
40
Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh - Hamstrings Biceps Femoris - Long Head - origin - main action(s) - nerve
O: ischial tuberosity MA: - flexion and lateral rotation of knee - extension of hip joint N: tibial nerve
41
Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh - Hamstrings Biceps Femoris - Short Head - origin - main action(s) - nerve
O: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur MA: - flexion and lateral rotation of knee - extension of hip joint N: common fibular nerve
42
Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh - Hamstrings Semitendinosus - origin - main action(s) - nerve
O: ischial tuberosity MA: - flexion and medial rotation of knee - extension of hip joint N: tibial nerve
43
Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh - Hamstrings Semimembranosus - origin - main action(s) - nerve
O: ischial tuberosity MA: - flexion and medial rotation of knee - extension of hip joint N: tibial nerve
44
Muscles of Leg What are the 3 compartments?
anterior: dorsi flexors of ankle joint, extensors of toes, and inverters of foot posterior: - superior: mainly plantar flexors of ankle joint - deep: mainly flexors of toes lateral: mainly evertor of ankle joint
45
Muscles of Leg What are the 3 compartments made by?
made by tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane and extensions of deep fascia of leg attaching to fibula
46
Muscles of Leg What is the anterior compartment innervated by?
deep fibular nerve
47
Muscles of Leg What is the posterior compartment innervated by?
tibial nerve
48
Muscles of Leg What is the lateral compartment innervated by?
superficial fibular nerve
49
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg What are the 4 muscles?
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum fibularis tertius
50
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg Tibialis Anterior - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
I: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal MA: - dorsi flexion of ankle joint - inversion of foot N: deep fibular
51
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg Extensor Hallucis Longus - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
I: base of distal phalanx of BIG TOE MA: - dorsi flexion of ankle joint - extension of 1st metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of big toe N: deep fibular
52
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg Extensor Digitorum - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
I: middle and distal phalanges of TOES 2-5 via dorsal digital expansion MA: - dorsi flexion of ankle joint - extension of metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of toes 2-5 N: deep fibular
53
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg Fibularis Tertius - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
I: dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal bone MA: - dorsi flexion of ankle joint - eversion of foot N: deep fibular
54
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg What is the extensor hood (or dorsal digital expansion)? What is the origin? What is the insertion?
triangular expansion on dorsal aspect of proximal phalanges, formed by expansion of tendons of extensor digitorum longus muscle O: tendons of lumbricals and interossei muscles I: middle and distal phalanges
55
Muscles of Superficial Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg What are the 3 muscles of this group?
gaastrocnemius soleus plantaris
56
Muscles of Superficial Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg Gastrocnemius - origin - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
O: - medial head: superior to medial femoral condyle - lateral head: lateral to lateral femoral condyle I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon MA: - plantar flexion of ankle joint - flexes knee joint N: tibial nerve
57
Muscles of Superficial Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg Soleus - origin - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
O: head and upper part of posterior surface of fibular shaft and soleal line of tibia I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon MA: plantar flexion of ankle joint N: tibial nerve
58
Muscles of Superficial Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg Plantaris - origin - insertion - main action(s) - nerve
O: lower part of lateral supracondylar line I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon MA: plantar flexion of ankle joint N: tibial nerve
59
Muscles of Deep Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg What are the 4 muscles of this group?
flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus tibialis posterior popliteus
60
Muscles of Deep Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg Flexor Digitorum Longus - main action(s) - nerve
MA: flexion of metatarsophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joint of toes 2-5 N: tibial nerve
61
Muscles of Deep Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg Flexor Hallucis Longus - main action(s) - nerve
MA: flexion of metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints of big toe N: tibial nerve
62
Muscles of Deep Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg Tibialis Posterior - main action(s) - nerve
MA: inversion of foot and plantar flexion of ankle joint N: tibial nerve
63
Muscles of Deep Group of Posterior Compartment of Leg Popliteus - main action(s) - nerve
MA: flexion and medial rotation of knee joint (key to unlocking knee) N: tibial nerve
64
Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg What are the 2 muscles of this compartment?
fibularis longus | fibularis brevis
65
Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg Fibularis Longus - main action(s) - nerve
MA: eversion of foot N: superficial fibular nerve
66
Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg Fibularis Brevis - main action(s) - nerve
MA: eversion of foot N: superficial fibular nerve
67
Muscles of Sole of Foot (First Layer) What are the 3 muscles of this group? What are their main functions?
adductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi - abduct 1st or 5th toes - flex lateral four toes
68
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Second Layer) What are the 2 types of muscles of this group? What are their main functions?
lumbricals quadratus plantae - flex lateral four toes
69
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Second Layer) What are the 2 tendons of this group?
flexor hallucis longus | flexor digitorum longus
70
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Third Layer) What are the 3 muscles of this group? What are their main functions?
flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis - flex 1st or 5th toes - adduct 1st toe
71
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer) What are the 2 types of muscles of this group? What are their main functions?
dorsal interossei plantar interossei - abduct or adduct toes
72
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer) What are the tendons of this group?
tendons of tibialis posterior, and fibularis longus muscles
73
What are the muscles of the sole of the foot involved in maintaining?
arches of the foot
74
What are the muscles of the sole of the foot innervated by?
medial or lateral plantar nerves
75
Where are the muscles of the sole of the foot located?
deep to plantar aponeurosis (thickening of deep fascia of sole of foot), which protects soft tissues of this region and assists in maintaining foot arches
76
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer) Dorsal Interossei - main action(s) - nerve
MA: - ABDUCTION of metatarsophalangeal joints - extension of interphalangeal joints of toes 2-4 N: lateral and medial plantar nerves
77
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer) Plantar Interossei - main action(s) - nerve
MA: - ADDUCTION of metatarsophalangeal joints - extension of interphalangeal joints of toes 3-5 N: lateral and medial plantar nerves
78
What are the 3 transitional areas of the lower limb?
femoral triangle popliteal fossa tarsal tunnel
79
Femoral Triangle - Transitional Area of Lower Limb What is the triangle formed by?
inguinal ligament (superiorly), sartorius muscle (laterally), and adductor longus muscle (medially)
80
Femoral Triangle - Transitional Area of Lower Limb What does the triangle contain?
femoral vein, artery, and nerve (from medial to lateral)
81
Femoral Triangle - Transitional Area of Lower Limb What does the apex continue with?
apex points inferiorly, and continues with adductor canal (muscular canal)
82
Femoral Triangle - Transitional Area of Lower Limb How is the triangle connected to the popliteal fossa?
distal end of adductor canal opens to popliteal fossa via adductor hiatus (opening between two insertions of adductor magnus muscle)
83
Femoral Triangle - Transitional Area of Lower Limb What is the adductor hiatus?
opening between two insertions of adductor magnus muscle
84
Popliteal Fossa - Transitional Area of Lower limb What is the shape and location of the fossa?
diamond-shaped area located behind knee joint
85
Popliteal Fossa - Transitional Area of Lower limb What is the fossa bounded by?
hamstring muscles (superiorly), and lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle (inferiorly)
86
Popliteal Fossa - Transitional Area of Lower limb What does the fossa contain?
popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial, and common fibular nerves
87
Tarsal Tunnel - Transitional Area of Lower limb What is the tarsal tunnel?
fibro-osseous tunnel
88
Tarsal Tunnel - Transitional Area of Lower limb What is the tunnel made by?
medial malleolus and flexor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia) medial to ankle
89
Tarsal Tunnel - Transitional Area of Lower limb What does the tunnel contain?
tendons of deep muscles of posterior compartment of leg (except popliteus), tibial nerve, and posterior tibial artery and vein

+ CAPS 391 (28 decks)

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