Circulatory System (Arteries) Flashcards
1
Q
What supplies the heart? (2)
A
right and left coronary arteries
2
Q
What does the right coronary artery arise from?
Where does it run?
A
arises from right side of ascending aorta
runs in right side of coronary sulcus, and supplies right atrium and ventricle
3
Q
What is the posterior interventricular artery?
What does it contribute to?
A
terminal branch of right coronary artery that runs in posterior interventricular sulcus
contributes to blood supply of posterior aspect of both ventricles
4
Q
What does the left coronary artery arise from?
What does it give rise to?
A
arises from left side of ascending aorta and shortly after gives rise to anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
5
Q
Where is the anterior interventricular artery?
What does it contribute to?
A
runs in anterior interventricular sulcus
contributes to blood supply of anterior aspect of both ventricles
6
Q
Where is the circumflex artery?
What does it supply?
A
follows coronary sulcus to left side of heart and mainly
supplies left ventricle and left atrium
7
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What are the 2 main arteries?
A
pulmonary trunk
aorta
8
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What does the pulmonary trunk do?
A
carries deoxygenated blood to lungs
9
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What does the pulmonary trunk arise from?
A
right ventricle
10
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What does the pulmonary trunk divide into?
A
right and left pulmonary arteries under the arch of aorta
11
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What does the aorta do?
A
distributes oxygenated blood throughout body
12
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What does the aorta arise from?
How does it form the arch of aorta?
Where does it continue after?
A
from left ventricle and middle mediastinum as the ascending aorta
enters into superior mediastinum and arches to the left to form arch of aorta
continues in posterior mediastinum as descending aorta that descends on left side of vertebral column (thoracic aorta) and passes through diaphragm to enter abdominal cavity (abdominal aorta)
13
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
Where does the abdominal aorta terminate and how?
A
at level of vertebrae LIV by dividing into right and left common iliac arteries
14
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What are the branches of the ascending aorta? (2)
A
left coronary artery
right coronary artery
15
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What are the 3 branches of the arch of aorta?
A
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
16
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What is the brachiocephalic trunk?
A
first branch that divides into right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
both have same course and branches as left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
17
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What is the left common carotid artery?
What does it divide into?
A
second branch that ascends on left side of neck
divides into external and internal carotid arteries at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage
18
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What do common carotid arteries supply?
A
head and neck regions
19
Q
Major Arteries Arising from the Heart
What is the left subclavian artery?
A
third branch that passes under clavicle toward left upper limb and continues as axillary artery after passing over first rib
20
Q
Arteries of Head and Neck
What are the 3 main arteries?
A
external carotid artery
internal carotid artery
subclavian artery
21
Q
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What does it supply?
A
neck and part of head, which is outside the cranial cavity
22
Q
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What are the 6 branches?
A
superior thyroid artery lingual artery facial artery occipital artery superficial temporal artery maxillary artery
23
Q
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What does the superior thyroid artery do?
A
supplies thyroid gland and larynx
24
Q
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What does the lingual artery do?
A
supplies tongue
25
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What does the facial artery do?
supplies face
26
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What does the occipital artery do?
supplies part of scalp that covers occipital bone
27
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What is the superficial temporal artery?
What does it do?
one of the terminal branches of external carotid artery that passes anterior to external ear
supplies scalp on sides of cranium
28
Arteries of Head and Neck - External Carotid
What is the maxillary artery?
What does it do?
one of the terminal branches of external carotid artery
supplies deep part of face (including nasal and oral cavities, and pharynx)
29
Arteries of Head and Neck - Internal Carotid
Where are these arteries?
What does it form in contribution with the vertebral artery?
enters cranial cavity after passing through carotid canal to form cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) in contribution with vertebral artery
(none in neck)
30
Arteries of Head and Neck - Internal Carotid
What are the 3 branches?
ophthalmic artery
middle cerebral artery
anterior cerebral artery
31
Arteries of Head and Neck - Internal Carotid
What does the ophthalmic artery do?
supplies contents of orbital cavity
32
Arteries of Head and Neck - Internal Carotid
What does the middle cerebral artery do?
supplies most of lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres
33
Arteries of Head and Neck - Internal Carotid
What does the anterior cerebral artery do?
supplies major parts of medial surface of cerebral hemispheres (except occipital lobe)
34
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian
What are the 3 subclavian arteries?
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical artery
35
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian
Where does the vertebral artery pass through and enter?
passes through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae (except CVII), and enters skull via foramen magnum
36
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian
What does the vertebral artery supply?
spinal cord, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum
37
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian, Vertebral Artery
What is the basilar artery formed by?
right and left arteries join together
38
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian, Vertebral Artery
What does the basilar artery supply?
pons and cerebellum
39
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian, Vertebral Artery
How does the basilar artery end?
by dividing into posterior cerebral arteries that mainly supply inferior surface of cerebral hemispheres and part of medial surface of occipital lobes
40
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian
Where is the internal thoracic artery?
descends behind costal cartilages on either side of sternum
41
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian
What does the internal thoracic artery give rise to?
anterior intercostal arteries at level of each intercostal space, which will join with posterior intercostal arteries (branches of thoracic aorta)
42
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian, Internal Thoracic
What do the anterior and posterior intercostal arteries contribute to?
blood supply of intercostal muscles, breast gland, muscles of anterior chest wall, and parietal sternocostal pleura
43
Arteries of Head and Neck - Subclavian
What is the thyrocervical artery?
What does it supply?
short artery that supplies structures at root of neck (including, but not limited to, larynx, trachea, thyroid gland, and muscles)
44
Arteries of Upper Limb
What are the 6 main arteries?
```
axillary artery
brachial artery
radial artery
ulnar artery
superficial palmar arch
deep palmar arch
```
45
Arteries of Upper Limb - Axillary
What is the axillary artery?
continuation of subclavian artery contained within axilla
46
Arteries of Upper Limb - Axillary
Where is the axillary artery?
extends between lateral border of first ribs and lower margin of teres major muscle
47
Arteries of Upper Limb - Axillary
What are the 4 branches?
- thoracoacromial artery
- lateral thoracic artery
- subscapular artery
- anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
48
Arteries of Upper Limb - Axillary
What does the thoracoacromial artery do?
mainly supplies anterior wall of axilla
49
Arteries of Upper Limb - Axillary
What does the lateral thoracic artery do?
supplies medial wall of axilla
50
Arteries of Upper Limb - Axillary
What does the subscapular artery do?
contributes in blood supply of scapular region
51
Arteries of Upper Limb - Axillary
What do the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries do?
wind around surgical neck of humerus, and mainly assist in supplying deltoid muscle and shoulder joint
52
Arteries of Upper Limb - Brachial
What is the brachial artery?
continuation of axillary artery and extends from lower margin of teres major muscle to cubital fossa
53
Arteries of Upper Limb - Brachial
What does the brachial artery supply?
anterior compartment of arm
54
Arteries of Upper Limb - Brachial
What is the deep brachial artery?
What does it do?
(main branch) supplies posterior compartment of arm
55
Arteries of Upper Limb - Brachial
How does the brachial artery split?
ends by splitting into radial and ulnar arteries with cubital fossa
56
Arteries of Upper Limb - Radial
Where is the radial artery?
descends on lateral side of forearm, and supplies muscles of lateral side of anterior and posterior compartments of forearm
wraps lateral to wrist
passes through first dorsal interosseous muscle
enters palmar aspect of hand, and forms deep palmar arch in contribution with ulnar artery
57
Arteries of Upper Limb - Radial
Where is the profunda brachii artery?
What does it do?
on posterior aspect of arm
supplies triceps brachii
58
Arteries of Upper Limb - Ulnar
Where is the ulnar artery?
continues on medial side of forearm
passes anterior to wrist
enters palmar aspect of hand
59
Arteries of Upper Limb - Ulnar
What does the ulnar artery majorly contribute to?
formation of superficial palmar arch
60
Arteries of Upper Limb - Ulnar
What does the ulnar artery supply?
muscles of medial side of anterior and posterior compartments of forearm
61
Arteries of Upper Limb - Ulnar
What does the common interosseous artery do?
supplies deep muscles of anterior and posterior compartments of forearm
62
Arteries of Upper Limb
Where is the superficial palmar arch?
What does it do?
underlies palmar aponeurosis
mainly contributes to ulnar arch
63
Arteries of Upper Limb
Where is the deep palmar arch?
What does it do?
lies against metacarpal bones
mainly contributes to radial arch
64
Arteries of Upper Limb
What are the branches of the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch?
digital arteries
65
Arteries of Upper Limb
What do digital arteries do?
supply hand and fingers (branches of both arches)
66
What does the descending aorta split into?
thoracic aorta
| abdominal aorta
67
Arteries of Thorax
What is the main artery?
thoracic aorta
68
Arteries of Thorax
Where is the thoracic aorta?
above diaphragm
69
Arteries of Thorax
What is the thoracic aorta?
continuation of arch of aorta that descends in posterior mediastinum and passes through diaphragm at level of vertebra TXII
70
Arteries of Thorax - Thoracic Aorta
What are the two branches?
parietal (somatic) branch
| visceral branch
71
Arteries of Thorax - Thoracic Aorta
What are the 2 arteries of the parietal (somatic) branch?
posterior intercostal arteries
| superior phrenic arteries
72
Arteries of Thorax - Thoracic Aorta
What are the 4 arteries of the visceral branch?
esophageal artery
pericardial artery
bronchial artery
mediastinal artery
73
Arteries of Thorax - Thoracic Aorta
What does the parietal (somatic) branch do?
contribute in blood supply of thoracic walls
74
Arteries of Thorax - Thoracic Aorta
Where do posterior intercostal arteries travel (parietal/somatic branch)?
What do they supply?
travel within intercostal spaces and joint to anterior intercostal arteries to supply intercostal muscles, breast gland, muscles of anterior chest wall, and parietal sternocostal pleura
75
Arteries of Thorax - Thoracic Aorta
What do superior phrenic arteries supply?
superior aspect of diaphragm and diaphragmatic pleura
76
Arteries of Thorax - Thoracic Aorta
What does the visceral branch supply?
thoracic viscera (esophagus, pericardium lungs, and mediastinal lymph nodes)
77
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
Where is the abdominal aorta?
below diaphragm
stretches between vertebra TXII and LIV where it splits into left and right common iliac arteries
78
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
What are the 2 branches?
parietal (somatic) branch
| visceral branch
79
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
What does the parietal (somatic) branch do?
supply diagram and posterior abdominal wall
80
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
What are the 2 types of arteries of the parietal (somatic) branch?
```
lumbar arteries (4)
inferior phrenic arteries
```
81
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
What do lumbar arteries supply (parietal/somatic branch)?
posterior abdominal musculature and lumbar vertebrae
82
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
What do inferior phrenic arteries supply (parietal/somatic branch)?
mainly supply inferior aspect of diaphragm
83
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
What does the visceral branch supply?
abdominal viscera
84
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta
What are the 5 types of arteries of the visceral branch?
```
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery
renal arteries
gonadal arteries
```
85
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta (Parietal/Somatic Branch)
What does the celiac trunk divide into?
What does it supply?
divides into left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic branches that supply abdominal esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, most of pancreas, and upper half of duodenum
86
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta (Parietal/Somatic Branch)
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
foregut
lower half of duodenum, small part of pancreas, small intestine except upper half of duodenum, cecum , appendix, ascending colon, right ⅔ of transverse colon
87
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta (Parietal/Somatic Branch)
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
hindgut
left ⅓ of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper part of anal canal
88
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta (Parietal/Somatic Branch)
What do renal arteries supply?
kidneys, adrenal glands, and superior part of ureters
89
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta (Parietal/Somatic Branch)
What are gonadal arteries known as in females?
What do they supply?
ovarian arteries
supply ovaries
90
Arteries of Abdomen - Abdominal Aorta (Parietal/Somatic Branch)
What are gonadal arteries known as in males?
What do they supply?
testicular arteries
supply testicles
91
Arteries of Pelvis
What are the 2 main arteries?
left and right common iliac arteries
92
Arteries of Pelvis
What are the left and right common iliac arteries?
What do they split into?
terminal branches of abdominal aorta that start at level of vertebrae LIV, and split into internal and external iliac arteries at level of sacroiliac joints
93
Arteries of Pelvis - Internal Iliac
What are the 2 branches?
parietal branch
| visceral branch
94
Arteries of Pelvis - Internal Iliac
What are the 4 arteries of the parietal branch?
- superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- obturator artery
- internal pudendal artery
95
Arteries of Pelvis - Internal Iliac
What do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply?
gluteal region of lower limb
96
Arteries of Pelvis - Internal Iliac
What does the obturator artery supply?
medial compartment of thigh
97
Arteries of Pelvis - Internal Iliac
What does the internal pudendal artery supply?
contents of anal and urogenital triangles of perineum
98
Arteries of Pelvis - Internal Iliac
What does the viscera branch supply?
What are the branches named after?
pelvis viscera
including urinary bladder, rectum, and internal genital organs in female (uterus and vagina) and male (prostate, seminal vesicle, and vas deferens)
branches named after organ they supply (ie. uterine and prostatic arteries)
99
Arteries of Pelvis - External Iliac
Where does the external iliac artery start and what artery does it continue as?
starts at level of sacroiliac joint and passed deep to inguinal ligament and continues as femoral artery
100
Arteries of Pelvis - External Iliac
What does the external iliac artery supply?
anterior abdominal wall and false pelvis musculature
101
Arteries of Lower Limbs
What are 6 arteries?
```
femoral artery
popliteal artery
anterior tibial artery
dorsalis pedis artery
posterior tibial artery
medial and lateral plantar arteries
```
102
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Femoral
Where does the femoral artery start and travel?
What artery does it continue as?
starts at midpoint of inguinal ligament, descends in femoral triangle and adductor canal, and continues as popliteal artery after passing through adductor hiatus
103
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Femoral
What does the femoral artery supply?
anterior and medial compartments of thigh
104
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Femoral
What is the main branch of the femoral artery?
deep femoral (profunda femoris) artery
105
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Femoral
What does the deep femoral (profunda femoris) artery supply?
posterior compartment of thigh
106
Arteries of Lower Limbs
What arteries does the deep femoral (profunda femoris) artery give off?
What do they supply?
medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries that encircle proximal end of femur and supply hip joint and surrounding musculature
107
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Popliteal
Where does the popliteal artery start?
What does it divide into?
starts at adductor hiatus and divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries after passing through popliteal fossa
108
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Popliteal
What does the popliteal artery supply?
knee joint and soft tissues around it
109
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Anterior Tibial
Where does the anterior tibial artery travel?
passes through interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula and enters anterior compartment of leg
110
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Anterior Tibial
What does the anterior tibial artery supply?
muscles of anterior compartment of leg
111
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Anterior Tibial
What does the anterior tibial artery continue as, and where?
dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of foot) after passing ankle joint
112
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Dorsalis Pedis
What does the dorsalis pedis supply?
supplies tarsal bones and joints between them, muscles of dorsum of foot
then passes through first dorsal interosseous muscle to enter sole of foot to contribute in formation of plantar arterial arch
113
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Posterior Tibial
What is the posterior tibial artery?
continuation of popliteal artery
114
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Posterior Tibial
What does the posterior tibial artery supply?
posterior and lateral compartments of legs
115
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Posterior Tibial
Where does the posterior tibial artery travel?
What does it divide into?
passes behind medial malleolus
divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries after entering plantar aspect of foot
116
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Medial and Lateral Plantar
What do the medial and lateral plantar arteries supply?
muscles of sole of foot and foot joints
117
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Medial and Lateral Plantar
What forms the plantar arterial arch?
lateral plantar artery joins terminal branch of dorsalis pedis artery
118
Arteries of Lower Limbs - Medial and Lateral Plantar
What do the branches of the plantar arterial arch supply?
contribute to blood supply of toes
