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+ CAPS 391 > Intro to Anatomical Terms > Flashcards

Intro to Anatomical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts

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2
Q

midsagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts, through the midline

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3
Q

parasagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts, NOT through the midline (asymmetric)

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4
Q

frontal plane

coronal plane

A

vertical plane that divides boy into front and back parts

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5
Q

transverse plane

horizontal plane

A

divides body into upper and lower parts

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6
Q

medial vs. lateral

A

closer to midline (midsagittal plane)

farther from midline (midsagittal plane)

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7
Q

anterior (ventral) vs. posterior (dorsal)

A

closer to front of body
(in reference to frontal plane)

closer to back of body
(in reference to frontal plane)

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8
Q

superior (cranial) vs. inferior (caudal)

A

closer to head
(in reference to transverse plane)

closer to feet
(in reference to transverse plane)

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9
Q

proximal vs. distal

A

closer to root of the structure (ie. arm is proximal to forearm)

farther from root of the structure (ie. ankle is distal to knee)

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10
Q

superficial vs. deep (profundus)

A

closer to surface of body

away from body surface

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11
Q

ipsilateral vs. contralateral

A

on same side of body

on opposite sides of body

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12
Q

internal vs. external

A

inside body cavity

outside body cavity

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13
Q

palm vs. dorsum

A

anterior aspect of hand

posterior aspect of hand

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14
Q

sole (plantar) vs. dorsum

A

inferior aspect of foot (ie. thick skin of sole of foot)

posterior aspect of foot

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15
Q

flexion vs. extension

A

(occurs in sagittal planes)

bending or decreasing angle between parts of the body

straightening or increasing angle between parts of the body

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16
Q

abduction vs. adduction

A

(occurs in frontal planes)

moving away from midline or axis of body parts

moving toward midline or axis of body parts

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17
Q

What is the axis of the hand?

A

passes through 3rd finger and metacarpal bone

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18
Q

What is the axis of the foot?

A

passes through 2nd toe and metatarsal bone

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19
Q

medial rotation vs. lateral rotation

A

(occurs in transverse planes)

turning body part around its long axis toward midline

turning body part around its long axis away from midline

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20
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of body parts combining flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and/or rotations

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21
Q

supination vs. pronation

A

rotation of forearm so that palm of hand faces forward

rotation of forearm so that palm of hand faces backward

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22
Q

eversion vs. inversion

A

turning sole of foot outward

turning sole of foot inward

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23
Q

plantar flexion vs. dorsi flexion

A

moving foot away from shin (flexion of ankle joint)

moving foot toward shin (extension of ankle joint)

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24
Q

elevation vs. depression

A

upward movement of body part

downward movement of body part

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25
protraction vs. retraction
forward movement of body part backward movement of body part
26
opposition
movement of thumb to touch the other fingers’ tip
27
What are the body organization levels?
(chemical level) atoms → molecules → (cellular level) organelle → smooth muscle cell → (tissue level) smooth muscle tissue → (organ level) organ → (organ system level) → (organismal level)
28
What is the integumentary system?
forms external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury
29
What does the integumentary system synthesize?
vitamin D
30
What does the integumentary system house?
- cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors | - sweat and oil glands
31
What is the composition of the integumentary system?
skin and its appendages - hair - nail - sweat gland - sebaceous gland - erector pilli muscles - subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
32
What is the function of the integumentary system? (3)
protect body against fluid loss, injury, and infection - sweat glands and blood vessels in this system contribute in body temperature regulation - sensory organs embedded in skin collect information from external environment
33
What are the major body regions? (5)
- head (cephalon) - neck (cervicis) - trunk - upper limb - lower limb
34
What does the head consist of?
- cranium (skull) | - facial (face)
35
What does the trunk consist of?
- back - thorax (thoracis) / chest - abdomen - pelvis
36
What do the upper limbs consist of?
- shoulder (pectoral, scapular, deltoid, axilla) - arm (brachium) - elbow - forearm (antebrachium) - hand/manus (carpus/wrist, metacarpus, digits/fingers)
37
What is the thumb called?
pollex
38
What is the index finger called?
indicis
39
What is the little finger (pinky) called?
digitus minimus
40
What do the lower limbs consist of?
- gluteal - thigh (femoral) - knee - leg (crus) - foot/pes (tarsus/ankle, metatarsus, digits/toes)
41
What is the big toe called?
Hallux
42
What is the little toe (pinky) called?
digitus minimus
43
4 region abdominal pattern
medial/midsagittal vertical line and transumbilical (horizontal line) cross each other at umbilicus (navel) - right upper quadrant - left upper quadrant - right lower quadrant - left lower quadrant
44
What is located in right upper quadrant?
- right lobe of liver - gallbladder - right kidney - portions of stomach - small and large intestine
45
What is located in right lower quadrant?
- cecum - appendix - portions of small intestine - reproductive organs (right ovary in female, right spermatic cord in male) - right ureter
46
What is located in left upper quadrant
- left lobe of liver - stomach - pancreas - left kidney - spleen - portions of large intestine
47
What is located in left lower quadrant?
- most of small intestine - portions of large intestine - left ureter - reproductive organs (left ovary in female, left spermatic cord in male)
48
9 region abdominal pattern
2 midclavicular lines (vertical lines) meet 2 horizontal lines (subcostal and transtubercular) - right hypochondriac region - epigastric region - left hypochondriac region - right lumbar region - umbilical region - left lumbar region - right iliac (inguinal) region - hypogastric region - left iliac (inguinal) region
49
In what abdominal regions is the liver in?
4 pattern - right upper quadrant - left upper quadrant 9 pattern - right hypochondriac region - epigastric region - right lumbar region
50
In what abdominal regions is the stomach in?
4 pattern - right upper quadrant - left upper quadrant 9 pattern - epigastric region - left hypochondriac region - umbilical region - left lumbar region
51
In what abdominal regions is the spleen in?
4 pattern - left upper quadrant 9 pattern - left hypochondriac region
52
In what abdominal regions is the gallbladder in?
4 pattern - right upper quadrant 9 pattern - umbilical region
53
In what abdominal regions is the large intestine in?
4 pattern - right upper quadrant - left upper quadrant - left lower quadrant 9 pattern - right hypochondriac region - epigastric region - left hypochondriac region - right lumbar region - umbilical region - left lumbar region - hypogastric region - left iliac (inguinal) region
54
In what abdominal regions is the small intestine in?
4 pattern - right upper quadrant - right lower quadrant - left lower quadrant 9 pattern - right hypochondriac region - epigastric region - right lumbar region - umbilical region - right iliac (inguinal) region - hypogastric region - left iliac (inguinal) region
55
In what abdominal regions is the appendix in?
4 pattern - right lower quadrant 9 pattern - hypogastric region
56
What are body cavities?
spaces that contain and protect internal organs
57
How are body cavities classified?
as dorsal or ventral cavities, each divided into certain compartments
58
superficial fascia (hypodermis)
layer of connective tissue under skin (subcutaneous tissue) that carries superficial veins and sensory nerves
59
What are superficial veins for?
intravenous (IV) injection
60
deep fascia
layer of dense, tough connective tissue underneath superficial fascia - wraps entire body (but not face) - very well developed in limbs
61
What are the dorsal body cavities?
- cranial cavity | - vertebral cavity
62
What are the ventral body cavities?
- thoracic cavity | - abdominopelvic cavity
63
What are the 2 parts of the abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity
64
What does the thoracic cavity contain? (3)
- superior mediastinum - pleural cavity (contains lungs) - pericardial cavity (contains heart)
65
What are standard movements? (6)
``` flexion extension abduction adduction medial rotation lateral rotation ```
66
What are special movements?
``` circumduction supination pronation eversion inversion plantar flexion dorsi flexion elevation depression protraction retraction opposition ```
67
What does the cranial cavity contain?
brain
68
What does the vertebral cavity contain?
spinal cord
69
What are the parts of the thoracic cavity?
- mediastinum (2 - superior mediastinum, inferior mediastinum) - pleural cavity
70
What does the superior mediastinum contain?
trachea and esophagus
71
What does the inferior mediastinum contain?
heart
72
What does the pleural cavity contain?
lungs
73
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
digestive and urinary systems
74
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
urinary and reproductive systems

+ CAPS 391 (28 decks)

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