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+ CAPS 391 > Intro to Anatomical Terms > Flashcards

Intro to Anatomical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts

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2
Q

midsagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts, through the midline

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3
Q

parasagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts, NOT through the midline (asymmetric)

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4
Q

frontal plane

coronal plane

A

vertical plane that divides boy into front and back parts

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5
Q

transverse plane

horizontal plane

A

divides body into upper and lower parts

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6
Q

medial vs. lateral

A

closer to midline (midsagittal plane)

farther from midline (midsagittal plane)

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7
Q

anterior (ventral) vs. posterior (dorsal)

A

closer to front of body
(in reference to frontal plane)

closer to back of body
(in reference to frontal plane)

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8
Q

superior (cranial) vs. inferior (caudal)

A

closer to head
(in reference to transverse plane)

closer to feet
(in reference to transverse plane)

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9
Q

proximal vs. distal

A

closer to root of the structure (ie. arm is proximal to forearm)

farther from root of the structure (ie. ankle is distal to knee)

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10
Q

superficial vs. deep (profundus)

A

closer to surface of body

away from body surface

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11
Q

ipsilateral vs. contralateral

A

on same side of body

on opposite sides of body

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12
Q

internal vs. external

A

inside body cavity

outside body cavity

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13
Q

palm vs. dorsum

A

anterior aspect of hand

posterior aspect of hand

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14
Q

sole (plantar) vs. dorsum

A

inferior aspect of foot (ie. thick skin of sole of foot)

posterior aspect of foot

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15
Q

flexion vs. extension

A

(occurs in sagittal planes)

bending or decreasing angle between parts of the body

straightening or increasing angle between parts of the body

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16
Q

abduction vs. adduction

A

(occurs in frontal planes)

moving away from midline or axis of body parts

moving toward midline or axis of body parts

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17
Q

What is the axis of the hand?

A

passes through 3rd finger and metacarpal bone

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18
Q

What is the axis of the foot?

A

passes through 2nd toe and metatarsal bone

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19
Q

medial rotation vs. lateral rotation

A

(occurs in transverse planes)

turning body part around its long axis toward midline

turning body part around its long axis away from midline

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20
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of body parts combining flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and/or rotations

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21
Q

supination vs. pronation

A

rotation of forearm so that palm of hand faces forward

rotation of forearm so that palm of hand faces backward

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22
Q

eversion vs. inversion

A

turning sole of foot outward

turning sole of foot inward

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23
Q

plantar flexion vs. dorsi flexion

A

moving foot away from shin (flexion of ankle joint)

moving foot toward shin (extension of ankle joint)

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24
Q

elevation vs. depression

A

upward movement of body part

downward movement of body part

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25
Q

protraction vs. retraction

A

forward movement of body part

backward movement of body part

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26
Q

opposition

A

movement of thumb to touch the other fingers’ tip

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27
Q

What are the body organization levels?

A

(chemical level)
atoms → molecules →

(cellular level) organelle → smooth muscle cell →

(tissue level) smooth muscle tissue →

(organ level) organ →

(organ system level) →

(organismal level)

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28
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

forms external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury

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29
Q

What does the integumentary system synthesize?

A

vitamin D

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30
Q

What does the integumentary system house?

A
  • cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors

- sweat and oil glands

31
Q

What is the composition of the integumentary system?

A

skin and its appendages

  • hair
  • nail
  • sweat gland
  • sebaceous gland
  • erector pilli muscles
  • subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
32
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system? (3)

A

protect body against fluid loss, injury, and infection

  • sweat glands and blood vessels in this system contribute in body temperature regulation
  • sensory organs embedded in skin collect information from external environment
33
Q

What are the major body regions? (5)

A
  • head (cephalon)
  • neck (cervicis)
  • trunk
  • upper limb
  • lower limb
34
Q

What does the head consist of?

A
  • cranium (skull)

- facial (face)

35
Q

What does the trunk consist of?

A
  • back
  • thorax (thoracis) / chest
  • abdomen
  • pelvis
36
Q

What do the upper limbs consist of?

A
  • shoulder (pectoral, scapular, deltoid, axilla)
  • arm (brachium)
  • elbow
  • forearm (antebrachium)
  • hand/manus (carpus/wrist, metacarpus, digits/fingers)
37
Q

What is the thumb called?

A

pollex

38
Q

What is the index finger called?

A

indicis

39
Q

What is the little finger (pinky) called?

A

digitus minimus

40
Q

What do the lower limbs consist of?

A
  • gluteal
  • thigh (femoral)
  • knee
  • leg (crus)
  • foot/pes (tarsus/ankle, metatarsus, digits/toes)
41
Q

What is the big toe called?

A

Hallux

42
Q

What is the little toe (pinky) called?

A

digitus minimus

43
Q

4 region abdominal pattern

A

medial/midsagittal vertical line and transumbilical (horizontal line) cross each other at umbilicus (navel)

  • right upper quadrant
  • left upper quadrant
  • right lower quadrant
  • left lower quadrant
44
Q

What is located in right upper quadrant?

A
  • right lobe of liver
  • gallbladder
  • right kidney
  • portions of stomach
  • small and large intestine
45
Q

What is located in right lower quadrant?

A
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • portions of small intestine
  • reproductive organs (right ovary in female, right spermatic cord in male)
  • right ureter
46
Q

What is located in left upper quadrant

A
  • left lobe of liver
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • left kidney
  • spleen
  • portions of large intestine
47
Q

What is located in left lower quadrant?

A
  • most of small intestine
  • portions of large intestine
  • left ureter
  • reproductive organs (left ovary in female, left spermatic cord in male)
48
Q

9 region abdominal pattern

A

2 midclavicular lines (vertical lines) meet 2 horizontal lines (subcostal and transtubercular)

  • right hypochondriac region
  • epigastric region
  • left hypochondriac region
  • right lumbar region
  • umbilical region
  • left lumbar region
  • right iliac (inguinal) region
  • hypogastric region
  • left iliac (inguinal) region
49
Q

In what abdominal regions is the liver in?

A

4 pattern

  • right upper quadrant
  • left upper quadrant

9 pattern

  • right hypochondriac region
  • epigastric region
  • right lumbar region
50
Q

In what abdominal regions is the stomach in?

A

4 pattern

  • right upper quadrant
  • left upper quadrant

9 pattern

  • epigastric region
  • left hypochondriac region
  • umbilical region
  • left lumbar region
51
Q

In what abdominal regions is the spleen in?

A

4 pattern
- left upper quadrant

9 pattern
- left hypochondriac region

52
Q

In what abdominal regions is the gallbladder in?

A

4 pattern
- right upper quadrant

9 pattern
- umbilical region

53
Q

In what abdominal regions is the large intestine in?

A

4 pattern

  • right upper quadrant
  • left upper quadrant
  • left lower quadrant

9 pattern

  • right hypochondriac region
  • epigastric region
  • left hypochondriac region
  • right lumbar region
  • umbilical region
  • left lumbar region
  • hypogastric region
  • left iliac (inguinal) region
54
Q

In what abdominal regions is the small intestine in?

A

4 pattern

  • right upper quadrant
  • right lower quadrant
  • left lower quadrant

9 pattern

  • right hypochondriac region
  • epigastric region
  • right lumbar region
  • umbilical region
  • right iliac (inguinal) region
  • hypogastric region
  • left iliac (inguinal) region
55
Q

In what abdominal regions is the appendix in?

A

4 pattern
- right lower quadrant

9 pattern
- hypogastric region

56
Q

What are body cavities?

A

spaces that contain and protect internal organs

57
Q

How are body cavities classified?

A

as dorsal or ventral cavities, each divided into certain compartments

58
Q

superficial fascia (hypodermis)

A

layer of connective tissue under skin (subcutaneous tissue) that carries superficial veins and sensory nerves

59
Q

What are superficial veins for?

A

intravenous (IV) injection

60
Q

deep fascia

A

layer of dense, tough connective tissue underneath superficial fascia

  • wraps entire body (but not face)
  • very well developed in limbs
61
Q

What are the dorsal body cavities?

A
  • cranial cavity

- vertebral cavity

62
Q

What are the ventral body cavities?

A
  • thoracic cavity

- abdominopelvic cavity

63
Q

What are the 2 parts of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity

64
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain? (3)

A
  • superior mediastinum
  • pleural cavity (contains lungs)
  • pericardial cavity (contains heart)
65
Q

What are standard movements? (6)

A 
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
medial rotation
lateral rotation
66
Q

What are special movements?

A 
circumduction
supination
pronation
eversion
inversion
plantar flexion
dorsi flexion
elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
opposition
67
Q

What does the cranial cavity contain?

A

brain

68
Q

What does the vertebral cavity contain?

A

spinal cord

69
Q

What are the parts of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • mediastinum (2 - superior mediastinum, inferior mediastinum)
  • pleural cavity
70
Q

What does the superior mediastinum contain?

A

trachea and esophagus

71
Q

What does the inferior mediastinum contain?

A

heart

72
Q

What does the pleural cavity contain?

A

lungs

73
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

digestive and urinary systems

74
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

urinary and reproductive systems

+ CAPS 391 (28 decks)

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