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BIOL 1410 > Muscular System (Questions - EXAM #2) > Flashcards

Muscular System (Questions - EXAM #2) Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle type does the muscular system primarily refer to?

A

The skeletal muscle system.

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2
Q

How do skeletal muscles produce movement?

A

By contracting.

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3
Q

What are the cells of skeletal muscle called?

A

Muscle fibers.

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4
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A group of muscle fibers.

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5
Q

What is a whole muscle composed of?

A

A group of fascicles.

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6
Q

What is fascia?

A

Connective tissue surrounding muscles or other organs.

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7
Q

What does the epimysium surround?

A

The entire skeletal muscle.

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8
Q

What does the perimysium surround?

A

Fascicles within the skeletal muscle.

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9
Q

What does the endomysium surround?

A

Each individual muscle fiber.

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10
Q

How are tendons and aponeuroses related to muscle tissue?

A

They are extensions of epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium, anchoring muscle to bone or other structures.

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11
Q

What is the difference between a tendon and an aponeurosis?

A

A tendon is a rope-like bundle, while an aponeurosis is a flat sheet of dense regular connective tissue.

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12
Q

Give an example of a tendon.

A

The Achilles (calcaneal) tendon.

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13
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber.

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13
Q

Give an example of an aponeurosis.

A

The epicranial aponeurosis of the scalp.

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14
Q

What are T-tubules?

A

Extensions of the sarcolemma that penetrate deep into the muscle fiber.

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15
Q

What is the sarcoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.

16
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

Intracellular structures within each muscle fiber, composed of sarcomeres.

17
Q

What proteins form thin myofilaments?

A

Actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.

18
Q

What protein forms thick myofilaments?

A

Myosin.

19
Q

What structure connects thick myofilaments to Z discs?

A

Titin.

20
Q

What are the dark and light bands in a sarcomere called?

A

The A band (dark) and I band (light).

21
Q

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

It stores and releases calcium ions, playing a role in muscle

22
Q

In the biomechanical lever system, what does the bone act as?

A

The lever

23
Q

What acts as the fulcrum in the lever system involving muscles?

A

The joint

24
Q

What must be greater than resistance for movement to occur in the lever system?

A

Effort (muscle contraction)

25
Q

What does the resistance in the lever system represent?

A

The force that opposes the movement.

26
Q

What does the origin of a muscle refer to?

A

The attachment of the tendon to the stationary bone.

27
Q

What does the insertion of a muscle refer to?

A

The attachment of the tendon to the movable bone.

28
Q

What is the function of the agonist in muscle movement?

A

The agonist is the major muscle responsible for producing the movement.

29
Q

What role do synergist muscles play?

A

Synergists help the agonist and prevent undesirable motions.

30
Q

What is the function of an antagonist muscle?

A

The antagonist produces the opposite action of the agonist and is inhibited when the agonist contracts.

31
Q

During flexion of the forearm, which muscle acts as the agonist?

A

Biceps brachii.

32
Q

During forearm flexion, which muscle acts as the antagonist?

A

Triceps brachii.

33
Q

In forearm flexion, what is the lever, fulcrum, effort, and resistance?

A
  • Lever: radius (insertion of agonist)
  • Fulcrum: elbow joint
  • Effort: muscle contraction
  • Resistance: weight of object plus forearm.
34
Q

During extension of the forearm, which muscle is the agonist?

A

Triceps brachii.

35
Q

During forearm extension, which muscle is the antagonist?

A

Biceps brachii.

BIOL 1410 (26 decks)

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