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BIOL 1410 > Lymphatic System (EXAM #2) > Flashcards

Lymphatic System (EXAM #2) Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of the Lymphatic System?

A
  • Lymphatic system consists of:
    • One way network of lymphatic vessels that collect ~10% of the extracellular fluid that leaked out from cardiovascular capillaries and return this fluid (now termed lymph) to the venous blood
    • Lymph nodes along the vessel network that cleanse lymph as it passes through them
      • Contain T & B lymphocytes that identify and remove bacteria, viruses, cancer cells
  • Lymphoid cells, tissues and organs support the functions of the lymphatic system
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of Body Fluid Compartments?

A
  1. Intracellular Fluid
  2. Extracellular Fluid
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3
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

Fluid found within cells (~40% of body weight)

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4
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A
  • Fluid found outside of cells
    1. Blood Plasma
    2. ISF (interstitial fluid)
    3. Lymph
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5
Q

Blood Plasma

A
  • ~5% of body weight)
  • Fluid in blood
  • Some exits capillaries to form ISF
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6
Q

ISF (interstitial fluid)

A
  • ~15% of body weight
  • Fluid between cells within the body (except blood cells which are surrounded by plasma)
  • Some moves into lymphatic capillaries to form lymph
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7
Q

Lymph

A
  • ~1% of body weight
  • Fluid inside lymphatic vessels
  • Returned to blood plasma
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8
Q

Lymphatic Circulation (PART 1)

A
  • Lymph enters lymphatic capillaries (closed ended vessels that project into cardiovascular capillary beds)
    • Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine also play a role in fat absorption
  • Lymphatic capillaries connect to larger lymphatic collecting vessels that have one-way valves
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9
Q

Lymphatic Circulation (PART 2)

A
  • Lymph nodes along collecting vessels filter lymph (bacteria, debris)
    • Transports lymph fluid AWAY from tissues to:
      1. Right Lymphatic Duct
      2. Thoracic Duct
  • Fluid flows through lymphatic collecting vessels largely as a result of body movements (muscle
    contractions) that move the fluid toward the heart. One-way valves in the collecting vessels prevent back
    flow of lymph.
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10
Q

Right Lymphatic Duct

A
  • Lymph from the right side of the head, chest,and arm
  • Drains into right subclavian vein re-entering circulation
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11
Q

Thoracic Duct

A
  • Lymphs from below the ribs and the entire left side of the body
  • Collecting vessels from below the ribs coverage to an enlarged lymph vessel = cisterna chyli (this is the most inferior portion of the thoracic duct)
  • The thoracic duct drains into the left subclavian vein reentering blood circulation
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12
Q

One Way Route back to Blood (Circulation)

A
  1. Lymphatic capillaries
    ↓
  2. Lymphatic collecting vessels (with valves)
    ↓
  3. Lymphatic ducts
    ↓
  4. Subclavian veins
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13
Q

Lymphoid Tissues & Organs

A
  • Contain many lymphocytes and play a key role in the body’s immune system
  • Include:
    1. Primary lymphoid organs and tissues
    2. Secondary lymphoid organs and tissues
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14
Q

Primary lymphoid organs and tissues

A
  • Locations where lymphoid stem cells divide and mature (become immunocompetent)
  • Include:
    1. Red Bone Marrow
    2. Thymus Gland
  • Mature lymphocytes move into blood stream and migrate to the secondary lymphoid organs/tissues
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15
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A
  • All lymphocyte stem cells arise here
  • Site of B lymphocyte proliferation (mitosis) maturation
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16
Q

Thymus Gland

A
  • Early in development (fetal stage) lymphocyte stem cells migrate here
  • Site of T lymphocyte proliferation (mitosis) and maturation
17
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

A
  • Where lymphocytes detect and remove pathogens
  • Locations where lymphocytes are activated and proliferate further
  • Includes:
    1. Lymph nodes
    2. Spleen
    3. Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
18
Q

Lymph nodes

A
  • Small masses of lymphoid tissue along lymphatic collecting vessels
  • High concentrations of lymph nodes are located in:
    • Cervical (neck), axillary (armpit), inguinal (groin), intestinal, pelvic regions
19
Q

Spleen

A
  • Located in left side of abdominal cavity just below diaphragm next to stomach
  • Filters (cleans) blood by removing pathogens (organisms that can cause disease like bacteria or viruses), old and defective blood cells, and cellular derbis
20
Q

Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

A
  • Trap and remove pathogens at points of entry into the body
  • Includes tonsils, appendix, and other lymphoid tissues on mucous membranes
  • e.g. aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches) in the small intestine
  • e.g. tonsils: form a ring around the pharynx
    • Pharyngeal (1)
    • Palatine (2)
    • Lingual (1)
21
Q

Pharyngeal (1)

A

In posterior nasopharynx (referred to adenoids when infected/swollen)

22
Q

Palatine (2)

A

In oropharynx - used to be commonly removed

23
Q

Lingual (1)

A

Bumpy nodules on posterior part (base) of tongue

BIOL 1410 (26 decks)

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