Integumentary System (Questions - EXAM #2) Flashcards
What does the integumentary system consist of?
Skin, hair, nails, glands, muscles, sense receptors, and the hypodermis.
What are the two main layers of the skin?
The epidermis (superficial layer) and the dermis (deep layer).
What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelium.
Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?
Avascular.
Name the sub-layers (strata) of the epidermis from deepest to outermost.
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.
What are the two main cell types in the stratum basale?
Keratinocytes (90%) and melanocytes (10%).
What is the primary function of keratinocytes?
They undergo mitosis, produce keratin, and are pushed toward the skin surface.
What role do melanocytes play in the skin?
They produce melanin for UV protection, affecting skin color.
What layer of the epidermis is the last to contain living cells?
Stratum granulosum.
Which layer of the epidermis creates a waterproof barrier?
Stratum corneum, due to glycolipids between keratin-filled cells.
What structures are found in the dermis?
Blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles, and arrector pili muscles.
What are the two sub-layers of the dermis?
Papillary layer and reticular layer.
What type of tissue is found in the papillary layer?
Areolar connective tissue.
What forms fingerprints in thick skin?
Epidermal ridges formed by dermal papillae in the papillary layer.
Which layer makes up the majority of the dermis?
The reticular layer.
Where is thick skin found?
On the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
What is absent in thin skin but present in thick skin?
The stratum lucidum.
What are epidermal derivatives?
Structures formed from the epidermis, including hair, nails, and glands.
What are the main parts of a hair?
Root, shaft, and hair follicle.
What is the role of the hair papilla?
It provides a blood supply for growing hair.
What are nails composed of?
Heavily keratinized epidermal cells.
What do sebaceous glands secrete, and what is its function?
Sebum, which softens, lubricates, and has antibacterial properties.
Name the parts of the nail.
Nail root, body, and free edge.
What is the primary function of sudoriferous (sweat) glands?
To regulate temperature, act as an antibiotic, and remove waste.
Where are ceruminous glands located, and what do they produce?
In the ear canal, producing earwax.
What are the four major types of cutaneous sense receptors?
Touch receptors, pressure receptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors.
Which receptor is responsible for sensing temperature?
Thermoreceptors.
Is the hypodermis considered part of the skin?
No, it is a subcutaneous layer below the skin.
What type of tissue is the hypodermis mainly composed of?
Adipose connective tissue for insulation.
What is albinism?
A condition where there is a lack of melanin production by melanocytes.
What is psoriasis?
An autoimmune disorder causing accelerated mitosis in the stratum basale, leading to thick, scaly skin plaques.
