Integumentary System (Questions - EXAM #2)

Question 1

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 1

Skin, hair, nails, glands, muscles, sense receptors, and the hypodermis.

Question 2

What are the two main layers of the skin?

Answer 2

The epidermis (superficial layer) and the dermis (deep layer).

Question 3

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

Answer 3

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 4

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

Answer 4

Avascular.

Question 5

Name the sub-layers (strata) of the epidermis from deepest to outermost.

Answer 5

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

Question 6

What are the two main cell types in the stratum basale?

Answer 6

Keratinocytes (90%) and melanocytes (10%).

Question 7

What is the primary function of keratinocytes?

Answer 7

They undergo mitosis, produce keratin, and are pushed toward the skin surface.

Question 8

What role do melanocytes play in the skin?

Answer 8

They produce melanin for UV protection, affecting skin color.

Question 9

What layer of the epidermis is the last to contain living cells?

Answer 9

Stratum granulosum.

Question 10

Which layer of the epidermis creates a waterproof barrier?

Answer 10

Stratum corneum, due to glycolipids between keratin-filled cells.

Question 11

What structures are found in the dermis?

Answer 11

Blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles, and arrector pili muscles.

Question 12

What are the two sub-layers of the dermis?

Answer 12

Papillary layer and reticular layer.

Question 13

What type of tissue is found in the papillary layer?

Answer 13

Areolar connective tissue.

Question 14

What forms fingerprints in thick skin?

Answer 14

Epidermal ridges formed by dermal papillae in the papillary layer.

Question 15

Which layer makes up the majority of the dermis?

Answer 15

The reticular layer.

Question 16

Where is thick skin found?

Answer 16

On the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Question 17

What is absent in thin skin but present in thick skin?

Answer 17

The stratum lucidum.

Question 18

What are epidermal derivatives?

Answer 18

Structures formed from the epidermis, including hair, nails, and glands.

Question 19

What are the main parts of a hair?

Answer 19

Root, shaft, and hair follicle.

Question 20

What is the role of the hair papilla?

Answer 20

It provides a blood supply for growing hair.

Question 21

What are nails composed of?

Answer 21

Heavily keratinized epidermal cells.

Question 22

What do sebaceous glands secrete, and what is its function?

Answer 22

Sebum, which softens, lubricates, and has antibacterial properties.

Question 22

Name the parts of the nail.

Answer 22

Nail root, body, and free edge.

Question 23

What is the primary function of sudoriferous (sweat) glands?

Answer 23

To regulate temperature, act as an antibiotic, and remove waste.

Question 24

Where are ceruminous glands located, and what do they produce?

Answer 24

In the ear canal, producing earwax.

Question 25

What are the four major types of cutaneous sense receptors?

Answer 25

Touch receptors, pressure receptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors.

Question 26

Which receptor is responsible for sensing temperature?

Answer 26

Thermoreceptors.

Question 27

Is the hypodermis considered part of the skin?

Answer 27

No, it is a subcutaneous layer below the skin.

Question 28

What type of tissue is the hypodermis mainly composed of?

Answer 28

Adipose connective tissue for insulation.

Question 29

What is albinism?

Answer 29

A condition where there is a lack of melanin production by melanocytes.

Question 30

What is psoriasis?

Answer 30

An autoimmune disorder causing accelerated mitosis in the stratum basale, leading to thick, scaly skin plaques.