Histology (Tissues) (Questions)

Question 1

What is histology?

Answer 1

Histology is the study of tissues.

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function, surrounded by interstitial fluid.

Question 3

What are the four major tissue types?

Answer 3

The four major tissue types are:
1. Epithelial Tissue
2. Connective Tissue
3. Muscle Tissue
4. Nervous Tissue

Question 4

What are cell junctions?

Answer 4

Cell junctions are points of contact between adjacent cells, formed by cell membrane proteins.

Question 5

What are the three types of cell junctions?

Answer 5

The three types of cell junctions are:
1. Tight Junctions
2. Anchoring Junctions
3. Gap Junctions

Question 6

What is the function of tight junctions?

Answer 6

Tight junctions form a tight seal between cells, preventing materials from passing between them and stopping integral proteins from moving between cell surfaces.

Question 7

What do anchoring junctions do?

Answer 7

Anchoring junctions fasten cells to each other and/or extracellular material, effectively “riveting” them together.

Question 8

How do gap junctions function?

Answer 8

Gap junctions are open channels that interconnect the cytosols of adjacent cells, allowing ions and small molecules to pass and enabling tissues to function as a unit.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, has one free surface, little extracellular space, is avascular, and has a basement membrane.

Question 10

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Answer 10

Muscle tissue is contractile, allowing for movement.

Question 10

What type of tissue is connective tissue?

Answer 10

Connective tissue primarily supports and connects other tissues.

Question 11

What role does nervous tissue play?

Answer 11

Nervous tissue is responsible for sensation and signaling.

Question 12

How are epithelial tissues classified?

Answer 12

Epithelial tissues are classified by the number of cell layers and the shape of cells in the apical layer.

Question 13

What are the classifications based on cell layers?

Answer 13

Simple: one layer
Stratified: more than one layer

Question 13

What are the shapes of cells in epithelial tissues?

Answer 13

Squamous: flattened
Cuboidal: round or cube-shaped
Columnar: rectangular

Question 14

What are the types of simple epithelia?

Answer 14

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar

Question 15

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 15

It is a protective type of epithelium with more than one layer, primarily found in areas subject to abrasion (e.g., skin).

Question 16

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

Answer 16

It appears stratified due to varying cell heights but is actually a single layer of cells attached to the basement membrane.

Question 17

What characterizes transitional epithelium?

Answer 17

Transitional epithelium can change shape and layering depending on stretching, found in the inner lining of the urinary system.

Question 18

What are the main types of connective tissue?

Answer 18

1. Connective Tissue Proper
   
   2. Cartilage
   3. Bone
   4. Blood

Question 18

What are glandular epithelia?

Answer 18

Glandular epithelia are specialized for secretion, classified into exocrine (with ducts) and endocrine (ductless) glands.

Question 19

What are the three cell types found in connective tissue?

Answer 19

1. -BLAST: create matrix (e.g., osteoblast)
2. -CYTE: maintain matrix (e.g., osteocyte)
3. -CLAST: break down matrix (e.g., osteoclast)

Question 19

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

Answer 19

Connective tissue primarily supports and connects other tissues, with cells separated by an extracellular matrix.

Question 20

What are the characteristics of cartilage?

Answer 20

Cartilage is avascular, has large amounts of matrix, and contains chondrocytes and chondroblasts.

Question 21

What are the components of the connective tissue matrix?

Answer 21

The matrix is composed of fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular) and ground substance (water and organic molecules).

Question 22

What types of cartilage exist?

Answer 22

1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Elastic cartilage
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 23

What distinguishes bone from other connective tissues?

Answer 23

Bone has a rigid matrix with abundant collagen fibers, and inorganic calcium phosphate, and is very vascular.

Question 24

What are the components of blood as a connective tissue?

Answer 24

Blood is a fluid connective tissue composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma (the extracellular matrix).

Question 25

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 25

1. Skeletal (striated)
2. Cardiac (striated)
3. Smooth (non-striated)

Question 26

What are the two main cell types in nervous tissue?

Answer 26

1. Neurons: conduct electrical impulses
2. Glial cells: support and protect neurons