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BIOL 1410 > Muscular System (EXAM #2) > Flashcards

Muscular System (EXAM #2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overview of Muscular System?

A
  • Refers to skeletal muscle system
  • Primarily attached to bone
  • Produce movement by contracting
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2
Q

What is Skeletal Muscle?

A
  • Cells called fibers
  • Fascicle = group fibers
  • Whole Muscle = group of fascicles
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3
Q

What are the 2 CT Components of Skeletal Muscle?

A
  1. Fascia (connective tissue surrounding muscles or other organs)
  2. Tendons and Aponeuroses
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4
Q

Fascia (connective tissue surrounding muscles or other organs)

A
  • Epimysium
    • Surrounds entire skeletal muscle
  • Perimysium
    • Surrounds fascicles within skeletal muscle
  • Endomysium
    • Surrounds each muscle fiber (cell) within skeletal muscle
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5
Q

Tendons and Aponeuroses

A
  • Extensions of epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
  • Anchors muscle to bone (periosteum), cartilage, fascia
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6
Q

Tendon

A
  • A rope-like bundle of dense regular connective tissue
    • e.g. calcaneal (achilles) tendon
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7
Q

Aponeurosis

A
  • A flat sheet of dense regular connective tissue
    • e.g. epicranial aponeurosis (scalp)
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8
Q

What is the Skeletal Muscle Fiber Structure?

A

Large cylindrical and multinucleate cells

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9
Q

What are the Parts of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Structure?

A
  1. Sarcolemma
  2. T-tubules
  3. Sarcoplasm
  4. Myofibrils
  5. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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10
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell Membrane

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11
Q

T-tubules

A

Continuations of sarcolemma that extend deep into fiber (cell)

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12
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

Myofibrils

A
  • Intracellular Structures
  • Within each fibre tthere are several hundreds to thousands
  • Composed of Sarcomeres
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14
Q

What are the structures of sarcomere?

A
  • Made of 2 types of myofilaments
  • The myofilaments create dark and light bands (striations) of the sarcomere
  • Banding Pattern
  • Sarcomeres join end to end (at Z discs) to form a myofibril
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of Myofilaments

A
  1. Thin Myofilaments
  2. Thick Myofilaments
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16
Q

Thin Myofilaments

A
  • Formed by 3 proteins involved in contraction:
    • Actin
    • Tropomyosin
    • Troponin
17
Q

Thick Myofilaments

A
  • Formed by a protein called myosin
  • Attached to z discs by titin
  • Myosin has rod-like tail with 2 globular heads
    • At rest, the heads extend toward actin and during contraction attaches to actin to shorten the sarcomere
18
Q

Whar are parts of the banding pattern?

A
  1. A band
  2. H zone
  3. I band
  4. Z discs (in center of I band)
  5. M line
19
Q

A Band

A

Dark band that is length of thick myofilaments

20
Q

H Zone

A

Lighter area at center of A band

21
Q

I Band

A

Light band consisting of thin myofilaments

22
Q

Z Discs

A
  • Connected to thick myofilaments (via titin) and thin myofilaments
  • Connection point between adjacent sarcomeres
23
Q

M Line

A

WHere myosin tails (thick myofilaments) attach to each other (center of sarcomere)

24
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • Is smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Triad is a formed from 2 enlarged areas of sarcoplasmic reticulum (terminal cisternae), and a T-tubule that runs in between them
25
Q

What are the 3 Ways Muscles Produce Movement?

A
  1. Lever System
  2. Pulling on bones when they contract
  3. Using group action
26
Q

Lever System

A
  • Bone/muscle interaction at a joint
  • Parts:
    • Levers = Bone
    • Fulcrum = Joint
  • Effort = Contraction of agonist
  • Resistance = opposes movement
  • Effort must be greater than resistance to get movement
27
Q

Pulling on bones when they contract

A
  • Origin
    • Attachment of tendon to stationary bone
  • Insertion
    • Attachment of tendon to movable bone
28
Q

Using group action

A
  • Agonist
    • Major muscle producing the movement
  • Synergists
    • Help the agonist action and prevent undesirable motions caused by the agonist
  • Antagonist
    • Produces opposite action of agonist (contraction inhibited when agonist contracts)
29
Q

Flexion of Forearm (Example #1)

A
  • Agonist = Biceps brachii
  • Antagonist = Triceps brachii
  • Synergists = Brachialis, Brachioradialis
  • Lever = Radius (insertion of agonist)
  • Fulcrum = Elbow joint
  • Effort = Muscle contraction
  • Resistance = Weight of object plus forearm
30
Q

Extension of Forearm (Example #2)

A
  • Agonist = Triceps brachii
  • Antagonist = Biceps brachii

BIOL 1410 (26 decks)

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