Chemical Level Of Organization (Questions) Flashcards
What are atoms made of?
Atoms are made of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.
What charge do electrons have?
Electrons have a negative charge.
Why are atoms considered electrically neutral?
Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What happens to an atom when it loses an electron?
When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion (cation).
Provide an example of an ionic bond.
An example of an ionic bond is sodium chloride (NaCl), where Na loses an electron and becomes Na⁺, while Cl gains an electron and becomes Cl⁻.
What do you call an atom that gains electrons?
An atom that gains electrons becomes a negative ion (anion).
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions.
Name an important electrolyte in the human body.
Important electrolytes include calcium (Ca²⁺), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), hydrogen (H⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻).
What distinguishes organic compounds from inorganic compounds?
Organic compounds contain covalently bonded carbon atoms, while inorganic compounds typically lack carbon.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
What is the chemical formula for water?
The chemical formula for water is H₂O.
What role does water play in regulating body temperature?
Water helps maintain body temperature, which is approximately 37°C, by absorbing and distributing heat.
Why is water considered a universal solvent?
Water is considered a universal solvent because it can dissolve many substances, facilitating chemical reactions in the body.
What defines an acid?
An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to release hydrogen ions (H⁺).
How do bases affect the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution?
Bases bind to free hydrogen ions, decreasing their concentration and increasing pH.
What is the pH range for blood?
The pH of blood is typically between 7.35 and 7.45.
What are the main components of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
What are the building blocks of proteins?
The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
What is the function of ATP?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores and provides energy for cellular activities.
How do nucleotides contribute to DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, with DNA containing deoxyribose and RNA containing ribose.
