Chemical Level Of Organization (Questions) Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms made of?

A

Atoms are made of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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2
Q

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

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3
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

Electrons have a negative charge.

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4
Q

Why are atoms considered electrically neutral?

A

Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

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5
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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6
Q

What happens to an atom when it loses an electron?

A

When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion (cation).

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7
Q

Provide an example of an ionic bond.

A

An example of an ionic bond is sodium chloride (NaCl), where Na loses an electron and becomes Na⁺, while Cl gains an electron and becomes Cl⁻.

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7
Q

What do you call an atom that gains electrons?

A

An atom that gains electrons becomes a negative ion (anion).

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8
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions.

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8
Q

Name an important electrolyte in the human body.

A

Important electrolytes include calcium (Ca²⁺), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), hydrogen (H⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻).

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9
Q

What distinguishes organic compounds from inorganic compounds?

A

Organic compounds contain covalently bonded carbon atoms, while inorganic compounds typically lack carbon.

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9
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

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10
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

The chemical formula for water is H₂O.

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11
Q

What role does water play in regulating body temperature?

A

Water helps maintain body temperature, which is approximately 37°C, by absorbing and distributing heat.

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12
Q

Why is water considered a universal solvent?

A

Water is considered a universal solvent because it can dissolve many substances, facilitating chemical reactions in the body.

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13
Q

What defines an acid?

A

An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to release hydrogen ions (H⁺).

14
Q

How do bases affect the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution?

A

Bases bind to free hydrogen ions, decreasing their concentration and increasing pH.

15
Q

What is the pH range for blood?

A

The pH of blood is typically between 7.35 and 7.45.

16
Q

What are the main components of carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).

17
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

18
Q

What is the function of ATP?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores and provides energy for cellular activities.

19
Q

How do nucleotides contribute to DNA and RNA?

A

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, with DNA containing deoxyribose and RNA containing ribose.