Muscles Flashcards
Frontalis
O: galea aponeurotica
I: skin around eyebrows and nose
Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Orbicularis oculi
O: frontal bone
I: lateral palpebral raphe
Closes eyelids
Levator labii superioris
O: medial infra-orbital margin
I: skin and muscle of upper lip
Elevates upper lip
Risorius
O: deep fascia of face
I: skin at angle of mouth
Retracts corners of mouth
Depressor anguli oris
O: mandible
I: angle of mouth
Depresses mandible
Platysma
O: skin over lower neck
I: mandible
Draws skin of neck superiorly, draws down angle of mouth (grimace)
Temporalis
O: Temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible
Elevates mandible
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: Mandible
Elevates mandible (closes mouth to chew)
Zygomaticus
O: zygomatic bone
I: angle of mouth
Raises corners of mouth (smile)
Sternocleidomastoid
O: sternum, clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone
Tilts/rotates head
Extrinsic eye muscles (6)
superior rectus lateral rectus medial rectus inferior rectus superior oblique inferior oblique
extrinsic tongue muscles
3
Orbicularis oris
O: maxilla and mandible
I: skin at angles of mouth
puckers lips
Pectoralis Major
O: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
I: humerus
Flexes arm at shoulder, adducts arm at shoulder
Serratus anterior
O: first 8 ribs
I: scapula
Abducts and upwardly rotates scapula
Diaphragm
O: sternum, costal cartilages, vertebral columns of lumbar vertebrae
I: central tendon
Primary muscle of inspiration
External intercostals
O: lower border of superior ribs
I: upper border of inferior ribs
Inhalation
Internal intercostals
O: rib; inferior border
I: rib, superior border
Holds ribs steady
External oblique
O: ribs 5-12
I: iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis
Flexes and rotates vertebra column, compresses abdomen
Internal oblique
O: iliac crest
I: costal cartilages, abdominal aponeurosis
Flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen
Transversus abdominis
O: iliac crest
I: abdominal aponeurosis, pubic symphysis, xiphoid process
Compresses abdomen
Rectus abdominis
O: pubic crest, symphysis pubis
I: costal cartilages of ribs, xiphoid process of sternum
Flexes torso, compresses abdomen
Tendinous intersections
3-4 fibrous bands that cross rectus abdominis
Linea alba
tendon that runs down midline, separates rectus abdominis into R and L
Inguinal ligament
from ilium to pubic bone
Deltoid
O: clavicle, scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Prime mover of arm abduction
multipennate
Biceps brachii
O: acromion, glenoid cavity
I: by tendon into radial tuberosity
Flexes elbow joint
Brachialis
O: front of humerus
I: Coronoid process of ulna
Major forearm flexor (lifts ulna as biceps lifts radius)
Triceps brachii
O: scapula, humerus
I: by tendon into olecranon of ulna
Forearm extensor
Thenar group (ball of thumb)
O: flexor retinaculum, nearby carpals
I: base of thumb
Controls thumb movements (abducts, flexes, opposes, adducts)
Hypothenar group (ball of pinky)
O: pisiform bone, flexor retinaculum
I: little finger
Abducts, flexes little finger
Quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
O: iliac spine, acetabulum
I: patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extends knee, flexes thigh at hip
Vastus lateralis
O: greater trochanter
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extends and stabilizes knee
Vastus medialis
O: linea aspera
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extends knee
Vastus intermedius
O: femur shaft
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extends knee
Sartorius
O: iliac spine
I: proximal tibia
flexes, abducts, rotates thigh; allows cross-legged position
Biceps femoris
O: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera
I: head of fibia, lateral condyle of tibia (via common tendon)
Extends thigh and flexes knee
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibial shaft
Extends thigh and flexes knee
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia
Extends thigh and flexes knee
Gluteus maximus
O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur
Major extensor of thigh
Gluteus medius
O: between gluteal lines on ilium
I: by short tendon into greater trochanter of femur
Abducts and rotates thigh
Ilioitibial tract
Thickened lateral portion of tensor fasciae latae
Runs from iliac crest to knee
Tensor fasciae latae
O: iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract
Stabilizes the knee
Occipitalis
O: occipital and temporal bones
I: Epicranial aponeurosis
Pulls scalp posteriorly
Trapezius
O: occipital bone, spinous process of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I: acromion, spine of scapula, clavicle
Stabilizes, raises, retracts, rotates scapula
Rhomboids
O: spinous process of C7
I: medial border of scapula
Stabilizes scapula
Latissimus dorsi
O: indirect attachment via lumbrodorsal fascia into spines of vertebrae
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Abduction of shoulder joint
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Rotates humerus laterally
Teres minor
O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Rotates humerus laterally
Teres major
O: posterior of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Extends, medially rotates, adducts humerus
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Rotates humerus medially
Brachioradialis
O: distal end of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
Synergist in flexing forearm
Flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of second and third metacarpals
Flexor of wrist
Palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: fascia of palm
Tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: pisiform and hamate bones
Flexor of wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: humerus
I: base of second metacarpal
Extends wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: humerus
I: base of third metacarpal
Extends wrist
Extensor digitorum
O: humerus
I: by 4 tendons into distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
Prime mover of finger extension
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal
Extends wrist
Pronator teres
O: humerus
I: by tendon into radius
Pronates forearm
Tibialis anterior
O: lateral condyle of tibia, upper tibial shaft
I: by tendon into medial cuneiform
Dorsiflexion
Gastrocnemius
O: medial and lateral condyles of femur
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Extensor digitorum longus
O: lateal condyles of tibula, fibula, interosseous membrane
I: phalanges 2-5
Dorsiflexes foot
Extensor hallucis longus
O: fibular shaft, interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of big toe
extends big toe
Fibularis longus
O: lateral fibula
I: by long tendon to underside of foot
plantar flexion, everts foot
Fibularis brevis
O: fibular shaft
I: by tendon to 5th metatasal
plantar flexion, everts foot
Flexor hallicus longus
O: fibula, interosseous membrane
I: tendon to big toe
plantar flexes and inverts foot, flexes big toe
Soleus
O: tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
plantar flexes foot
Gracilis
O: pubis
I: tibia
Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
Adductor longus
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
Adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh
Adductor brevis
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
Adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh
Adductor magnus
O: ischium, pubis
I: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
Adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh
