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Bio 250 > Chapter 1 Study Guide Q's > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Study Guide Q's Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

Studies structures of body parts and their relationships to one another

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2
Q

Subdivisions of Anatomy

A

Gross anatomy: regional, systemic, surface
Microscopic anatomy
Developmental anatomy (includes embryology)

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3
Q

Physiology

A

concerns the functions of the body

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4
Q

Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function

A

What a structure can do depends on its specific form
ex//bones can support and protect body organs because they have hard mineral deposits
ex//blood flows in one direction through the heart because heart has valves that prevent backflow

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5
Q

6 Structural Levels of Human Body Organization

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cellular level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system level
  6. organismal level
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6
Q

Chemical level

A

atoms and molecules

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7
Q

Cellular level

A

cells are smallest units of living things

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8
Q

Tissue level

A

Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function

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9
Q

Organ level

A

Organs are discrete structures made of at least 2 different tissue types, capable of extremely complex functions

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10
Q

Organismal level

A

sum total of all levels working together to keep us alive

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11
Q

Principle Systems of Human Body

A

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive (male.female)

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12
Q

Integumentary System

A

Hair, skin, nails
Forms external body covering, protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D and houses cutaneous receptors and sweat/oil glands

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13
Q

Skeletal System

A

Joints, Bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons
Protects and supports body organs, provides framework for muscles to cause movement. Site of blood cell formation, mineral storage/homeostasis

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14
Q

Muscular System

A

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, produces heat

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15
Q

Nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Control center of body, respond to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

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16
Q

Endocrine System

A

Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland , pancreas, ovary, testis
Glands secrete hormones that regulate proceses such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

17
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Heart, blood vessels

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, nutrients, etc. Heart pumps blood.

18
Q

Lymphatic System/Immunity

A

Red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic system. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

19
Q

Respiratory System

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchus, trachea, lungs

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

20
Q

Digestive System

A

Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.

21
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of body.

22
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens

23
Q

Female Reproductive System

A

Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, uterine tube, vagina. Overall function: production of offspring.

24
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Body is erect, feet slightly apart. Palms face forward and thumbs point away from body,

25
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity

26
Q

3 Noninvasive techniques for assessing certain aspects of body structure and/or function

A
  1. Palpation: gently touching body surface with hands
  2. Auscultation: listening to body sounds
  3. Percussion: tapping on body surfaces and listening to echoes

Bio 250 (24 decks)

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