Chp 22 Respiratory System Flashcards
How do changes in pressure occur?
Due to changes within thoracic cavity - volume and pressure changes
Thoracic cavity
Thorax: semi rigid structure that protects vital organs
Ribs, sternum, vertebrae
3 compontents of respiration
ventilation
gas exchange
oxygen utilization
Ventilation
Mechanical act of bringing air into and out of lungs
Average adult 9-12 breaths per minute (resp rate)
5-6 L/minute
Inspiratory muscles
Diaphragm: vertical movements
External intercostals anterioposterior and lateral movements
Forced, deep inspiration: scaleus, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid
Expiratory muscles
Passive process that occurs due to recoil of muscles of inspiration
Terminal bronchioles
End of the air-conducting division pathway to the alveoli
Thick with smooth muscle that can constrict and dilate
Contain very little hyaline cartilage
Alveoili
Little air sacs
350 million per lung
Very high surface area, allows for greater exposure of the blood with the air in the lungs; more O2 and CO2 are able to diffuse across
upper respiratory sys
above vocal cords
nose
pharynx
larynx
lower resp sys
below vocal cords
trachea (windpipe)
bronchi (airways)
lungs
Conducting zone
conduits for air to reach sites of gas exchange
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea
Respiratory zone
site of gas exchange
bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
4 pairs of sinuses
Resonating chamber for voice
Decrease weight of skull
Warm/moisten air
Shock absorbers
Pharynx
Muscular (skeletal) tube 5” long hanging from skull
naso, oro, laryngo
Passageway for food and air
Resonating chamber
Uvula
prevents food from entering nose during swallowing
