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Bio 250 > Chp 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chp 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of Integumentary System

A
  1. Protection of internal organs from physical, chemical and microbial agents
  2. Body temperature regulation
  3. Synthesis of Vit D
  4. Cutaneous sensation: Helps body sense changes in environment (and respond)
  5. Blood reservoir
  6. Excretion of nitrogen containing wastes, water, and salt
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2
Q

Layers of the Epidermis: deep to superficial

A 
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum (not present in thin skin) 
stratum corneum
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3
Q

Epidermis

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of 4 distinct cell types and 4 or 5 layers
Fast turn-over, resists damage, offers protection

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4
Q

Keratinocytes

A 
Produce keratin (fibrous protein) 
By the time they reach the skin surface, they are dead, scale-like structures. Millions rub off every day, new epidermis every 25-45 days. Persistent friction causes thickening of epidermis (callus)
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5
Q

Melanocytes

A

Spider shaped epithelial cells found only in stratum basale

Synthesize melanin

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6
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Star shaped dendritic cells arise from bone marrow, migrate to epidermis
ingest foreign substances and activate immune system

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7
Q

Tactile Cells (Merkel Cells)

A

Present at epidermal-dermal junction (in stratum basale); shaped like spiky hemisphere

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8
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest epidermal layer, aka stratum germinativum

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9
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

“prickly layer”

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10
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

4-6 layers

Where process of keratinization begins

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11
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

In thick skin only
Thin translucent band just above stratum granulosum
2-3 rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes

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12
Q

Stratum corneum (horny layer)

A

Outermost epidermal layer, 20-30 layers thick

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13
Q

4 Major cell types of epidermis: Keratinocytes

A

Produce keratin, give epidermis protective properties

Present in every layer of epidermis

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14
Q

4 Major cell types of epidermis: Melanocytes

A

Spider shaped cells that synthesize melanin

Found in deepest layer (stratum basale)

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15
Q

4 Major cell types of epidermis: Dendritic cells (Langerhans cell)

A

Star shaped dendritic cell
Ingests foreign substances, activates immune system
Found in stratum spinosum

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16
Q

4 Major cell types of epidermis: Merkel Cells (tactile cells)

A

Shaped like spiky hemisphere

Works with disclike sensory nerve ending to function as touch receptor

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17
Q

Thin Skin

A

Hairy, covers all body regions except palms and palmar surfaces of digits and soles
Fewer sudoiferous glands, sparser sensory receptors

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18
Q

Thick skin

A

Hairless, covers palms, palmar surfaces of digits, soles
Has stratum lucidum: layer below stratum corneum and above stratum granulosum; 2-3 rows of clear, dead keratinocytes
No hair, no sebaceous glands
More sudoiferous glands, denser sensory receptors

19
Q

Melanin

A

yellow to reddish brown to black pigment

Freckles and moles - local accumulations of melanin

20
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow to orange pigment
Most obvious in palms/soles of feet
Precursor to Vit A

21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

red, 02 carrying pigment in blood cells

22
Q

Vitiligo

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder, depigmentation of skin

23
Q

Albinism

A

Congenital disorder; partial/complete absence of pigment in skin, hair, eyes

24
Q

Fingerprints

A

Epidermis projecting into dermis between dermal papillae

Increases surface area and grip of hands and feet

25
Q

Dermis

A

strong, flexible connective tissue

Rich supply of nerve fibers, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

26
Q

Dermis: papillary layer

A

Thin superficial layer of areolar connective tissue
Dermal papillae: peglike projections into epidermis; some contain capillary loops, others house pain receptors and Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors)

27
Q

Dermis: reticular layer

A

80% of dermis
irregularly arranged, dense fibrous CT
Provides temperature stability, prevents dehydration

28
Q

Cleavage Lines

A

Separations between bundles of collagen fibers; Incisions made parallel to cleavage lines heal more readily

29
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous tissue just deep to skin
aka superficial fascia
Stores fat, anchors skin to underlying structures
Shock absorber, insulator

30
Q

Hair

A

pili, flexible strands produced by hair follicles, consist largely of dead, keratinized cells
Medulla: central core, large cells and air spaces
Cortex: bulky layer surrounding medulla
Cuticle: single layer of cells

31
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A 
Most common (palms, forehead, soles)
watery secretion, cools body
32
Q

Apocrine

A

Axilla, groin, bearded region of male
Body odor: bacteria metabolize secretion
Stimulated when frightened, during pain/emotional upset

33
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Earwax (cerumen)

34
Q

Mammary glands

A

specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

35
Q

Hair follicle

A

tube-like pocket that protects root

36
Q

Hair root

A

Part located below surface of scalp

37
Q

Hair shaft

A

portion of hair that projects above skin

38
Q

Hair bulb

A

Lowest part of hair strand, fits over papilla

39
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

tiny, involuntary muscle, causes goose bumps

40
Q

Nails

A

Tightly packed, hard keratinized epidermal cells

41
Q

Rule of 9

A 
Anterior and posterior head and neck = 9%
Anterior and posterior upper limbs = 18%
Anterior and posterior trunk = 36%
Perineum= 1%
Anterior and posterior lower limbs = 36%
42
Q

First degree burn

A

epidermis only, redness

43
Q

Second degree burn

A

Epidermis and dermis, with blistering

44
Q

Third degree burn

A

full thickness, destroying epidermis, dermis, often part of hypodermis

Bio 250 (24 decks)

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