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Bio 250 > Chp 9: Muscles > Flashcards

Chp 9: Muscles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What percentage of person’s body mass is muscle tisuse?

A

40%

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2
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Attached to bones or (some facial muscles) skin
Facial expression, movement, heat, posture
Multinucleate cells, cylindrical, obvious striations, fibers parallel
Voluntary control

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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Walls of the heart
Pumps blood continuously
Branching chains of cells, uni or bi-nucleate, striations, intercalated discs
Involuntary

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4
Q

Smooth muscle

A

GI tract, uterus, eye, blood vessels
Peristalsis, blood pressure, pupil size, erects hair
One central nucleus, no striations

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5
Q

Direct attachment to bone

A

Aka fleshy

Epimysium of muscle is fused to periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage

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6
Q

Indirect attachment to bone

A

Muscle’s connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as ropelike tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis
Indirect attachments more common b/c of durability and small size

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7
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

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8
Q

Epimysium

A

Overcoat of connective tissue that covers whole muscle

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9
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue of collagen and elastic fibers that surrounds each fascicle

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10
Q

Endomysium

A

Connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber

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11
Q

Muscle tissue organization at tissue level

A

Each muscle fiber (muscle cell) is wrapped in endomysium
Each bundle of muscle fibers is called a fascicle, which is wrapped in perimysium
The epimysium surrounds the whole muscle
fiber- endomysium –> fascicle-perimysium –> muscle- epimysium

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12
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell

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13
Q

Myofiber

A

Muscle cell

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14
Q

Myofibril

A

Cytoskeletal elements in sarcoplasm, contains sarcomeres

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15
Q

Sarcomere

A

Region of myofibril between 2 successive Z discs; functional unit of skeletal muscle
“muscle segment”

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16
Q

A bands

A

Dark bands on myofibrils

Myosin filaments

17
Q

I bands

A

Light bands on myofibrils

Actin only

18
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

Elaborate smooth endoplasmic reticulum; interconnecting tubules surround each myofibril
Regulates intracellular levels of ionic calcium

19
Q

T Tubule

A 
Elongated tube, continuation of sarcolemma extending deep into cell interior
Conduct impulses (signal for every myofibril to contract at same time)
20
Q

Motor Unit

A

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Many motor neurons per muscle
The fewer # of fibers per neuron, finer the movement

21
Q

Blood and Nerve Supply of skeletal muscles

A

One nerve and its branches (voluntary control)
An artery and its branches
One or more veins and their branches

22
Q

Origin

A

Attachment of muscle to immovable bone

23
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment to moveable bone

24
Q

Skeletal muscle regions: Anterior View (10)

A 
Facial
Neck
Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis/Thigh
Thigh
Leg
25
Q

Skeletal muscle regions: posterior view (7)

A 
Neck
Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Hip
Thigh
Leg
26
Q

H zone

A

where only thick filaments are present

27
Q

striated appearance of skeletal muscles

A

Repeated overlapping of I and A bands

28
Q

H zone

A

where only thick (myosin) filaments are present

29
Q

M Line

A

Proteins of M Line connects central portion of each thick (myosin) filament to its neighbors
Dark staining proteins, help stabilize positions of thick filaments

30
Q

Myosin

A

thick contractile protein
each molecule resembles 2 golf clubs twisted together
myosin heads (cross bridges) extend toward thin filaments

31
Q

Actin

A

Thin filaments

The myosin-binding site on each actin molecule is covered by tropomyosin in relaxed muscle

32
Q

Regulatory proteins

A

turn contraction on/off

troponin and tropomyosin

33
Q

Structural proteins

A

provide proper alignment, elasticity, and extensibility

titin, myomesin, nebuilin, dystrophin

34
Q

Prime Movers/ Agonist

A

muscle responsible for most of the movement

ex// biceps brachii, flexion of forearm

35
Q

Antagonists

A

Extensor/Flexor pair
oppose/reverse particular movement
ex// triceps brachii/biceps brachii

36
Q

Synergists/Fixators

A

Help agonists
Add extra force to movement or reduce undesirable/unnecessary movement
ex// extensor carpi muscles are synergists for flexor digitorum when you clench fist

Bio 250 (24 decks)

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