Muscle Physiology - Conditions Flashcards
What causes muscular disorders ?
- Problems with neuronal condition
- Problems with neuromuscular transmission
- Problems with the function of the muscle tissue.
What conditions have problems with neuronal conduction?
- Motor Neuron Disease
- Multiple Sclerosis
What conditions have problems with neuromuscular transmission?
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
What conditions have problems with the function of the muscle tissue itself ?
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
What is a nueropathy ?
Its NERVE DAMAGE
- eg diabetic nueropathy
Motor nueron disease is also known as what ?
Neuropathy
What are the different types of motor neuron disease?
- Motor
- Sensory
- Autonomic
With MND, how would a patient with motor neuropathy present?
Motor Neuropathy: Motor problems include weakness, cramps, spasms, muscle wasting.
With MND, how would a patient with sensory neuropathy present?
Sensory Neuropathy: Sensory symptoms can include both loss of sensations and disordered sensations with tingling, numbness and a heightened sense of pain.
With MND, how would a patient with autonomic neuropathy present?
Autonomic Neuropathy: Autonomic involvement can result in abnormal control of BP and HR, decreased ability to sweat, constipation or diarrhoea, incontinence and sexual dysfunction.
How can you distinguish a neuropathy from a myopathy?
In neuropathy you there may be:
- Sensory loss may be present
- Fasciculation may be present
- There may be cranial nerve involvement
- There may be dysautonomia
What are the causes of nueropathies ?
What are the causes of myopathies ?
How can you distinguish neuropathy from myopathy ?
What are the three types of peripheral nueropathies ?
- Mononeuropathy - Damage in a single nerve
- Polyneuropathy - When multiple peripheral nerves become damaged
- Mononeuropathy multiplex - Type of peripheral neuropathy when there is damage to two different areas of the peripheral nervous system.
What is peripheral mononeuropathy ?
Give an example of a condition.
Mononeuropathy is a type of neuropathy that only affects a single nerve.
The most common cause is physical compression of the nerve, known as compression neuropathy.
Carpal tunnel syndrome and axillary nerve palsy are examples.
What is peripheral polyneuropathy?
Give an example?
Polyneuropathy affects several nerves in different parts of the body at the same time
Acute polyneuropathy vs. Chronic polyneuropathy (Most common)
What is mononeuropathy multiplex?
Mononeuropathy multiplex (mononeuritis multiplex) is defined as lesions affecting two or more nerves that cannot be explained by a single root or plexus injury.
In regards to conditions, what conditions cause the most types of nueropathies?
What is carpel tunnel syndrome ?
Who in regards to jobs is most likely to have carpel tunnel syndrome ?
- Caused by compression of medial nerve.
- Commonly occurs in occupations involving a lot of mechanical load on the wrists and hands, such as office workers (typing), carpenters, hairdressers, cleaners, kitchen and restaurant workers.
- Increased mechanical load on the tendons of the wrist and hand often results in inflammation of the tendons and can result in compression and irritation of the median nerve.
What nerve is compressed in carpel tunnel syndrome ?
medial nerve
what are some symptoms of carpel tunnel syndrome/ how will the patient present ?
Excessive strain or pressure on it causes symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hand.
What is the main test done for diagnosing carpel tunnel syndrome ?
Nerve conduction studies
What are nerve condition studies (NCS)?
- Nerve conduction studies (NCS) involve activating nerves electrically with small pulses over several points on the skin and measuring their responses.
As we have different neuropathy, we assess both motor and sensory nerves.
- Compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) are obtained by electrical stimulation of a motor nerve supplying a muscle.
- Sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) are obtained by electrically stimulating sensory fibres and recording the nerve action potential at a point further along that nerve.
