Bone Disorders in Adults - Osteoporosis

Question 1

What bone cell is low in osteoporosis ?

Answer 1

Osteblast numbres are low

Question 2

What happens in osteoporosis

Answer 2

As age advances, bone mass, volume and density declines in both sexes of all ethnic backgrounds, often manifesting as osteoporosis associated with weakened bones and an increased risk of fracture

The risk of fracture increases from 1.5 to 3-fold for every 10% decrease in bone mass.

This is a major public health problem !!

Question 3

How do we measure bone mineral density?

Answer 3

DEXA SCAN

Question 4

Dexa scan uses a scoring system, what is it and what does it show ?

Answer 4

T scores

Question 5

What does bone mineral density highly correlate with ?

Answer 5

Bone mineral density is correlated highly with bone strength and is therefore used to quantitatively screen and diagnose patients.

Question 6

What is osteopenia ?

Answer 6

Low bone mass. Risk factor for osteoporosis

Question 7

How does osteoporosis T score link to fracture risk ?

Answer 7

Rate of fracture increases exponentially with increasing magnitude of T-scores

Question 8

What are the most common ractures causes by osteoporosis ?

Answer 8

Most common fractures: Vertebral, wrist and hip fractures. Often picked up after wrist fracture

Question 9

What are the modifiable risk factors of bone loss ?

Answer 9

++ Low levels of Oestrogen is most common, seen after post menopause.

Could be test question !

Question 10

What are the non mofifiable risk factors for bone loss ?

Answer 10

• Genetic factors
• Older than 50
• Family history of osteoporosis

Question 11

What are some ways to prevent loss of bone mass ?

Answer 11

Question 12

What ethnicity has the lowest bone density ?

What gender has lowest level of bone density ?

Answer 12

• Bone density decreases with increasing age.
• Age-related imbalance between resorption and formation
  Resorption surpasses deposition
• Women have lower peak bone mass so loss is more significant, and men lose bone more slowly as they age
• Rapid decrease in oestrogen at menopause increases in bone resorption without increasing bone formation.
• Caucasian and Asian women have lower bone density

Question 13

In women whats the biggest risk factor of decrease bone mass ?

Answer 13

Rapid decrease in oestrogen at menopause increases in bone resorption without increasing bone formation.