Bone disorders in Adults - Osteomalacia, Gout, Pagets disease Flashcards
What is the difference between osteomalacia and osteoporosis?
osteomalacia - softening of the bones
Osteoporosis - weakening of boned
What is osteomalacia ?
How many people does it affect ?
What causes it ?
Osteomalacia is a condition characterized by SOFTENING of the bones due to poor mineralisation.
It affects 1 in 1000 people globally.
It is the adult counterpart of rickets. The most common cause is a defect in vitamin D metabolism.
What are the causes of Osteomalacia ?
Name 6
How to treat osteomalacia?
Treatment:
Nutritional supplements
Correcting renal pathology (if there is one)
What does the PTH increase in the blood ?
Calcium !
What is calcitriol?
Where is it released ?
What does it do ?
Calcitrol is the active version of Vitamin D.
It is released in the kidneys.
It works to increase blood calcium levels by increasing reabsorption in the intestine.
What does calcitonin do ?
Where is it released from ?
Decrease blood calcium levels
Thyroid glands
How to diagnose Osteomalacia and Rickets ?
What is Gout ?
What causes it ?
Where is the most common attack?
What are the symptoms?
Who is it more common in ?
- It is a type of arthritis
- Develops due to collection of uric acid.
- Initial attack is most common in 1st metatarsal
- Symptoms include pain, tenderness, warmth, redness swelling.
- More common in men than in women.
In gout, what are the causes of hyperuricaemia?
- Decreased renal excretion of uric acid + most common
- Increased production of urate
- Increased intake of purines in the diet.
What are the signs and symptoms of GOUT ?
TOPHI ! Yellow or white nodules formed by a collection of urate crystals.
Sudden onset of pain in toe, ankle, knee, wrist, or elow.
Pain becomes worse after several hours.
May also be swelling, warth, or redness.
How do you diagnose Gout ?
When diagnosing Gout, in a synovial fluid analysis what will be seen?
- Needle-shaped crystals.
How do you treat Gout ?
What is Pagets disease?
Who does is more commonly effect ?
- A disorder that causes bones to grow larger and weaker than normal.
in Pagets disease , what is happening to the osteoclasts and osteoblasts ?
Bone resorption exceeds bone formation (Imbalance) in localised areas of the skeleton.
In Paget’s disease, osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts
What are the Phases of Pagets disease ?
What are the symptoms of pagets disease ?
How do you diagnose Pagets disease ?
