Functions of the Skin - Finish this

Question 1

What does the integumentary system include ?

Answer 1

The integumentary system includes the Skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis), associated glands, hair, and nails.

Question 2

What percentage of the body weight does the interument system account for ?

Answer 2

The integument accounts for 7% to 8% of the body weight

Question 3

What are the layers of the skin ?

Answer 3

Question 4

The epithelium of the integument is called the epidermis

What type of epithelium is it ?

Answer 4

It is a keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 5

The epidermis itself has 5 layers, what are they ?

Answer 5

From deep to superficial, these layers are the
- stratum basale
- stratum spinosum
-stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (found in thick skin only)
-stratum corneum.

Question 6

The Stratum Basale is the deepst layer of epidermis, what three cells does it have?

Answer 6

1- Keratinocytes
2- Melanocytes
3- Tactile cells

Question 7

What is the function of Keratinocyte cells ?

Answer 7

Synthesize keratin - gives skin its strength and makes the epidermis water resistant.

Question 8

What is the function of melanocyte cells in the skin ?

Answer 8

Melanocytes - produce and store the pigment melanin in response to ultraviolet light exposure - The darker tones of the skin result from melanin produced by the melanocytes - Thus, “tanning” is the result of the melanocytes producing melanin to block UV light.

Question 9

What is the function of Tactile cells in the skin ?

Answer 9

Tactile cells, also called Merkel cells, are few in number - sensitive to touch and, when compressed, they release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings

Question 10

What is Albinism ?

What causes it ?

Answer 10

Albinism: Congenital disorder with complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to a defect of an enzyme involved in the production of melanin.

Question 11

What is Vitiligo ?

What causes it ?

Answer 11

Vitiligo is a chronic disorder that causes depigmentation patches in the skin. Unknown cause: likely to be a mix of genetic background and autoimmune disease.

Question 12

In addition to keratinocytes, what other cell does the stratum spinosum have?

Answer 12

Also epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells - immune cells that help fight infection in the epidermis.

Question 13

What happens at the stratum granulosum ?

Answer 13

Within this stratum begins a process called keratinization, where the keratinocytes fill up with the protein keratin

Question 14

What is the stratum lucidum ?

Where is it found ?

What does it contain ?

Answer 14

Found only in the thick skin within the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

Filled with the translucent protein called eleidin - helps protect the skin from ultraviolet light.

Question 15

What is the stratum corneum ?

Answer 15

• Provides a Barrier
• Most superficial layer of the epidermis - consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking, keratinized cells - usually remain for 2 weeks in the exposed stratum corneum layer, providing a barrier - unsuitable for the growth of many microorganisms - Additionally, some exocrine gland secretions (e.g., sweat, which contains demicidin) help prevent the growth of microorganisms.

Question 16

Where is thick skin found?

How many epidermis layers does it have ?

Answer 16

Found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

All five epidermal strata occur in the thick skin

Question 17

Where is thin skin found ?

What layer does it not have ?

Answer 17

Covers most of the body - It lacks a stratum lucidum,

Question 18

What are the two layers of the dermis ?

Answer 18

• Papillary layer
• Reticular layer

Question 19

Explain the papillary layer of the dermis ?

Answer 19

Question 20

Explain the reticular layer of the dermis

Answer 20