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Histology > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of CT of Skeletal muscle?

A
  • Epimysium (dense irreg): surrounds entire muscle
  • Perimysium (dense irreg): surrounds fasicle
  • Endomysium (reticular): surrounds individual fibers
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2
Q

What are muscle fibers made up of?

A

myofibrils- arranged in a parallel pattern that gives striations

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3
Q

Skeletal is triad or diad?

A

Triad: 2 SR+1T-tubule

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4
Q

Where is the triad for skeletal mus. located?

A

located at jxn where A band meets the I band

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5
Q

What stores Ca2+ in skeletal muscle

A

SR

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6
Q

What do t tubules initate?

A

Initiate Ca2+ release from SR into sacromere

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7
Q

How is new Skeletal mus. formed?

A

Satellite cells

only found in skeletal

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8
Q

What is the different of red v. white muscle in:
* Vascularization
* contraction
* mitochondria
* myoglobin

A

Red
* Rich vascular supply
* contract:Slow but repetitive; not easily fatigued; weaker contraction
* mito:numerous
* myo: rich

White
* poorer vascular supply
* contract:fast but easily fatigued; stronger contraction
* mito: few
* Myo: poor

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9
Q

What are sacromeres in Skel M?
Compostion?
fxn?

A
  • they are structural units of myofibrils
  • Composed of actin (thin) and mysosin (thick)
  • Fxn: contraction of sketeal muscle
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10
Q

What is the A band, H band, I band, Z disk?

A
  • A: actin+ myosin-> SAME length during contraction
  • H: only myosin-> SHORTENS during contraction
  • I: only actin-> SHORTENS during contraction
  • Z: located on both sides of the sacromere to serve as boundries
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11
Q

Sketetal muscle contraction is an _ process

A

ATP-dependent

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12
Q

What is rigor mortis, myasthenia gravis and duchenne’s musclular dystrophy

A
  • Rigor mortis: the contiuned contraction of muscle d/t lack of ATP
  • Myasthenia gravis: abs target ACh receptor-> prevents contraction
  • DM: dysfunctional dystrophin protein
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13
Q

Explain the contraction process of skel. m

A
  • NMJ secretes ACh to stimulate T-tubules à Ca2+ release from SR
  • Ca2+ binds troponin C (TnC) + allows myosin to bind actin
  • ATP(onmyosin)gets hydrolyzed into ADP+Pi which binds to actin
  • Pi gets released to create a tighter bond b/n actin+myosin
  • Power stroke-> a conformational change leads to the release of ADP § A new molecule of ATP binds and muscle relaxes
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14
Q

What is the function of myosin, myomestin, titin, tropomyosin and troponin in skeletal muscle

A
  • Myosin: major protein of thick filaments, binds actin to then hydrolyzes ATP to produce a contraction
  • Myomesin: cross links thic filaments what are next to each other at M line
  • Titin: forms an elastic lattice that anchors thick filaments at z line
  • Tropomyson and tropinin: complex what works to make a contraction
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15
Q

What reponses when the muscle shortens or lengthens?

A

Intrafusal -> follows the extrafusal

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16
Q

Muscle cells of cardiac have triads or diads?
Where is it loacted

A
  • diad: 1 SR and 1 T tubule
  • z-disk
17
Q

Cardiac muscle has _ amounts of SR so the Ca2+ is stored _

A

lesser, extracellulary

18
Q

What does t tubules initate in cardiac muscle

A

initate Ca2+ release from SR into sacromere

19
Q

What is b/n cardiac muscle cells

A

intercalated disks

20
Q

What are intercalated disk composed of?

A

composed of jxns= fascia adherens, desosomes, gap jxns

desosomes bind IF, fascia adherends binds actin

21
Q

What is endomysium

A

reticular CT surround the muscle fibers

22
Q

Is cardiac m contraction the same or different than skeletal m?

A

SAME

23
Q

What are the layers of tissue in the heart?

A
  • Endocardium: simple squamous epithium lining heart
  • Myocardium: cardiac muscle
  • Epicardium: specialized CT (adipose)
  • Perocardium: dense CT + simple squamous epithelium
24
Q

is Smooth m striated? What does it mean?

A

NO, no sarcomeres

25
Q

What does smooth muscle cells contain

A

dense bodies and caveola

26
Q

What does dense bodies contain/do

A

Dense bodies contain alpha-actinin -> fxns as z-disk
* Alpha-actinin = protein that binds actin

27
Q

What does caveola do?

A

Caveola brings in Ca2+ via pinocytosis to initiate contraction
* Ca2+ is store extracellularly (like in cardiac m.)

28
Q

How do smooth muscle cells regenerate?

A

w/o satellite cells

29
Q

What are the layers of smooth muscle

A

Muscularis mucosa
muscularis externa
* outer longitudinal layer
* inner circular layer

30
Q

KNOW THIS

A
31
Q

Calcium control for
skeletal muscle?
cardiac muscle?
smooth muscle?

A

Skeletal: Calsequestrin in terminal cisternae
Cardiac: Ca2+ from EC sources
Smooth: Calveolae

32
Q

Calcium binding for
skeletal muscle?
cardiac muscle?
smooth muscle?

A

Skeletal: Troponin C
Cardiac: Troponin C
Smooth: Calmodulin

Histology (39 decks)

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