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Histology > Exam3Lec5MaleReproductive > Flashcards

Exam3Lec5MaleReproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the male reproductive system?

A

Testes
Duct system
Accessory glands

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2
Q

What is the fxn of the testes?

A

spermatozoa production (exocrine fxn)
testosterone production (endocrine fxn)

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3
Q

What is the duct system do?

A

transportation of mature sperm from the testes to the urethra

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4
Q

What is the fxn the accessory glands?

A

semen production by produce additional additives to the semen

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5
Q

What are the accessory glands and what do they secrete??

A

Seminal vesicles secrete fructose
Prostate gland secretes citric acid + fibrinolysin + PSA

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6
Q

What is the travel of sperm through the reproductive system?

A

Testis ->rete testis ->efferent duct -> epididymis -> vas deferens-> ejaculatory duct -> urethra

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7
Q

Testes is located in

A

scrotum

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8
Q

What the layers of the scrotum from outer to inner?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Dartos Muscle = from outer mem. layer of superficial (colles’) fascia
  3. Colles’ Fascia = thin layer of CT
  4. Parietal Tunica Vaginalis = CT layer from peritoneum (abdominal wall CT)
    Visceral Tunica Vaginalis = CT layer covered by mesothelium
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9
Q

What is the fx of the testis?

A

sperm + testosterone production

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10
Q

What is the organization of the testis?

A

Tunica Albuginea=outer CT capsule
Mediastinum = site of vessels/nerves/ducts
Septum = CT that divides testis into lobules
Seminiferous Tubules = located in the testis lobules

seminf is where sperm is produced

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11
Q

What are the compartments of the testis?

A

Seminiferous Tubules = CT + Sertoli cells located inside testis lobules
Interstitial Space = “empty” space not taken up by the tubules in the lobules

Sertoli Cells = supporting cells that nourish developing sperm
Leydig Cells = secrete testosterone

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12
Q

In fetal testis, the interstitial compartment is the ____ but the leydig cells are ____ and ____

A

largest,indistinct, nonfunctional

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13
Q

What do the tubules of the fetal testis contain?

A

gonocytes (pale staining precursors to germ cells)

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14
Q

Leydig cells
lxn?
endocrine fxn?

A

Location = interstitial space [in the lobules of the testis]

Endocrine Fxn = testosterone (steroid hormone) secretion into the blood

Has round nucleus often seen with a ring of heterochromatin

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15
Q

Cells that produce steroids are characterized by an abundance of certain organelles. These include which organelles (3)?

A

Golgi → lipid transport
sER → steroid hormone synthesis
Mitochondria -> with tubular cristae ( not laminated cristae)

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16
Q

What stimulates Leydig cells, what inhibits leydig cells?

A

Stimulated by LH released from ant. pituitary gland
Inhibited by excess testosterone = negative feedback

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17
Q

Leydig cells ____ testosterone

A

Leydig cells increase testosterone

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18
Q

What is the function of the antimullerian hormone?

A

prevents development of the mullerian duct

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19
Q

Sertoli Cells
Lxn?
fxn?

A

Location = seminiferous tubules [in the lobules of the testis]
Fxn = support / regulate spermatogenesis “nurse cell”

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20
Q

Sertoli cells supports the germ cell both ____ and ____

A

physically, nutrionally

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21
Q

What does the Sertoli cells secrete?

A
  1. Secrete lactate to nourish developing sperm cells
  2. Secrete ABP to bind + increase testosterone (from Leydig cells)
    Holds testosterone in the seminiferous tubules -> incr. testosterone levels ->incr. spermatogenesis
  3. Secrete inhibin to decrease testosterone
    Negative feedback onto ant. pituitary to decrease FSH decr. testosterone -> decr spermatogenesis
  4. Secrete anti-Mullerian hormone to prevent female reproductive development

ant. pituitary gland released from spermatogenesis

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22
Q

What is the function of the androgen-binding protein (ABP)?

A

Binds testosterone to keep it in the tubules = ↑ testosterone

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23
Q

What is are the functions (2) of inhibin (from Sertoli cells)?

A

inhibits activation of LH release = prevents testosterone production
inhibits FSH + LH in the anterior pituitary
Negative feedback loop

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24
Q

Sertoli can ____ or ____ testosterone –> spermatogensesis

A

incr or decr

holds “on” to testosterone, but is the only one that does spermatogenesis

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25
Q

What 4 cells increase testosterone?

A

LH
FSH
Leydig cells
ABP (sertoli)

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26
Q

What is the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules?

ly

A

Epithelium = sertoli cells + developing sperm cells
The type of epithelium is unclear…so do NOT need to know

ly

27
Q

What are the 2 compartments that the sertoli cells divides the epithelium into?

A

Adluminal Compartment
Basal compartment

28
Q

Adluminal compartment
lxn?
contains?
form?

A

Lxn: Nearest to the lumen (center) of the tubule
Contains various stages of developing sperm cells
Contains Sertoli Cells
Form: Sertoli-Spermatid jxns to protect sperm cells from destructio

29
Q

What are the functions of the Sertoli-Sertoli junction (2)?

A

**Excludes most substances from reaching the adluminal compartment forming a blood-testis barrier **
Important in protecting the developing germ cells

30
Q

Basal Compartment:
lxn?
contains?
form?

A

Lxn: Nearest to the basement membrane of the tubule
Contains mostly 1st stage developing sperm cells
Contains Sertoli Cells
Form: Sertoli-Sertoli jxns which divide epithelium into compartments

31
Q

What is the BM of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Basement Membrane = fibroblasts + CT

32
Q

Blood Testis Barrier
formed by?
prevents?
protects?

A

Formed by Sertoli-Sertoli jxns = tight jxns
Prevents substances from reaching the adluminal compartment
Protects developing sperm cells from autoimmune destruction by immune cells

33
Q

Sertoli cells nourishes ____

A

developing sperm cells

Rests on the basement membrane and reaches to the luminal surface

34
Q

What is gametogensis/spermatogenesis?
where does it take place?

A

The process of differentiation from spermatogonia (immature) ->to spermatozoa (mature) by meiosis
NOTE: gametogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules

35
Q

What is the process of Gametogenesis?

A
  1. Spermatocytogenesis = spermatogonia -> mitosis type A + B spermatogonia -> mitosis ->primary spermatocyte
  2. Spermiogenesis = primary spermatocyte -> meiosis I -> secondary spermatocyte ->meiosis II -> early spermatid -> late spermatid -> spermatozoa
36
Q

Development of sperm cells progresses from what compartment to what compartment. Where do we see mature sperm?

A

Development of sperm cells progresses from the basal compartment to the adluminal compartment
mature sperm in lumen

37
Q

Stages of Gametogenesis (6)

A

Stage 1 = spermatogonia (2n)
Stage 2 = type A + B spermatogonia (2n)
Stage 3 = primary spermatocyte (2n)
Stage 4 = secondary spermatocyte (n)
Stage 5 = early spermatid -> late spermatid (n)
Golgi phase = develops flagella + acrosomal cap
Acrosomal phase = finished acrosomal cap
Elongation phase = final maturation
Stage 6 = spermatozoa (n)

38
Q

After the formation of spermatids, does any further division occur?

A

NO

the early spermatids differentiate into elongated spermatids and then mature sperm

39
Q

is the developement of germ ccells synchronized throughout the tubule?

A

NO, this allows for constant production of sperm

40
Q

What is Cryptorchidism?

A

the testis fails to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum
This results in the testis remaining at normal body temp, which is too high for testis survival

The scrotum keeps the testes slightly below body temp
B/c it is located “outside” of the body

41
Q

What causes the degradation of the seminiferous tubule epithelium? What is the result?

A

Cause = increased temperature [of the testis]
Result = lack of gametogenesis, thus lack of sperm

42
Q

What are the ducts for sperm transport?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. Tubuli Recti
  3. Rete Testis
  4. Efferent Duct
  5. Epididymis
  6. Vas Deferens
  7. Ejaculatory duct

STEEVEs
1-3 in testi

43
Q

Tubili Recti
Epithelium?
Receives?

A

Epithelium = transitions from columnar (sertoli cells) -> simple cuboidal
Receives mature sperm from lumen of seminiferous tubules

44
Q

Rete Testis
Epithelium

A

Epithelium = simple cuboidal

45
Q

Efferent duct
Epithelium?

A

transitions from simple cuboidal to ciliated columnar

46
Q

Epididymis
Epithelium
Contains how many layers of sm muscle?
fxn?

A

Epithelium = pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia
Contains 1 layer of smooth muscle
Fxn = absorbs fluid to concentrate the sperm + inhibits capacitation

47
Q

Vas Deferens
Epithelium?
Contain how many layers of sm muscle?

A

Epithelium = pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia
Contains 3 layers of smooth muscle

48
Q

Ejaculatory duct
epithelium?
fxn?

A

Epithelium = simple columnar
Combine w/ seminal vesicles in the prostate to dump sperm into prostatic urethra

49
Q

What is the Pampiniform Plexus? What does it provide?

A

Plexus of veins associated w/ the Vas Deferens in the spermatic cord
Provide countercurrent exchange of heat (Keeps testes cooler than body temp)

50
Q

How to identify Pampiniform Plexus?

A

2 muscle layers
thick wall due to layer of longitudinal smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia

don’t confuse with vas deferenc-3 layers of smooth muscle

51
Q

What joins together with the Vas Deferens -> enters the prostate as part of the Ejaculatory Duct

A

Seminal vesicles

52
Q

Seminal vesicles
Fxn?
Epithelium?
How many layers of smooth muscle?

A

Fxn = secretes fluid rich in fructose
Provides sperm with energy

Epithelium = pseudostratified columnar
Contains 2 layers of smooth muscle = outer longitudinal + inner circular

53
Q

Prostatic Urethra
Lxn?
Epithelium
Fxn?

A

Location = prostate gland
Epithelium = transitional
Fxn: Receives sperm from ejaculatory duct
The prostate gland secretes prostatic fluid into the urethra ->transported to penile urethra

54
Q

Penile Urethra
Lxn?
Epithelium?
Surrounded by?
fxn?

A
  • Lxn = penis
  • Epithelium = stratified + pseudostratified columnar
    -Terminal part of urethra has some stratified squamous epithelium
    -Contains glands of littre = mucous secreting
  • Surrounded by the Corpus Spongiosum = penile erectile tissue
  • Fxn: Receives semen (sperm + fluid) from prostatic urethra
55
Q

Bulk of penis is made of what?

A

Erectile tisse

56
Q

What are the 2 types of erectile tissue that make up the bulk of the penis?

A

Corpus Cavernosa
Corpus Spongiosum ->surrounds the urethra

57
Q

Nervous system responses for penis

A

Sympathetic = ejaculation
Parasympathetic = erection

“point + shoot”

58
Q

Prostate and Prostate Gland epithelium?

A

Epithelium = simple + pseudostratified columnar

59
Q

What is the Prostate & Prostate Gland composed of?

A
  • Prostate Gland = accessory gland
    -Secretes fluid (citric acid + fibrinolysin + PSA) into prostate-> makes semen
    -An increase in PSA indicates prostate cancer
  • Prostatic Urethra
  • Ejaculatory Duct = from vas deferens + seminal vesicles merging
  • Stroma = CT
60
Q

What two conditions are related to the prostate and prostate gland?

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) and Prostatic Cancer

61
Q

What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)?

A

Characterized by an increase in size d/t an increase in smooth muscle
Stroma containing more muscle restricts the urethra -> decreased urine flow

Affects the periurethral glands → results in restriction of the urethra

62
Q

Where does prostatic cancer originate?

A

originates in the peripheral gland (posterior lobe)

63
Q

What is prostatic cancer detected by? Does it restrict the urethra?

A

Detected by DRE palpation, NO

64
Q

is the developement of germ ccells synchronized throughout the tubule?

A

NO, this allows for constant production of sperm

Histology (39 decks)

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