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Histology > Exam3Lec6FemaleReproductive > Flashcards

Exam3Lec6FemaleReproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the female reproductive system?

A
  • Ovary=> follicular development+oocyte (egg) production
  • Uterine (fallopian) tube=> transportation of oocytes (eggs) from ovary to the uterus
  • Uterus=> site of oocyte (egg) implantation
  • Cervix
  • Vafina
  • Mammary gland=> milk production (only when nursing)
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2
Q

How does the oocyte travel throught the reproductive system?

A

Ovary-> abdominal cavity-> uterine (fallopian) tube= fimbria, ampulla, isthmus-> uterus

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3
Q

Is a mammary gland a reproductive organ?

A

No, it is a supporting organ-> modifed sweat gland

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4
Q

What is the ovary covered by?

A

Germinal epitheloum (peritoneum) which is simple cuboidal

Different than normal peritoneum= simple squamos

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5
Q

What is the organization of the ovary?

A
  • Epithelium= simple cuboidal (geminal epithelium)
  • Tunica albuginea= dense CT
  • Cortex (stroma)= outer CT layer containing ovarian follicles and stromal cells
  • Medulla= innermost layer with mostly vacular tissue (BVs)
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6
Q

While the germinal epithelium covers the ovary, what covers the testes?

A

Tunica vaginsis: part of the peritoneum then deep to that is the tunica albuginea

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7
Q

Where are the oocytes and germinal cells in testes come from?

A

Migrate in from yolk sac

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8
Q

How many follicles each month start the process of development?

A

30 but then one become hormone independent and ovulates

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9
Q

How does it the development of the ovary differ from the development of the testis ?

A
  • Ovary: absence of TDF, testosterone, mullerian inhibiting factor, ant mullerian hormone
  • Testis: Presence of both TDF, testosterone (from leydig cells which is only in males) and mullerian inhibiting factor, anti=mullerian homrone ( from sertoli cells which is only in males)
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10
Q

What is the same in the female and males?

A

tunica albuginea

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11
Q

What is the ovarian follicle

A

sac of fluid with developing oocyte that is surrounded by CT in the cortex

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12
Q

What is the fxn of the follicles?
What is it marked by?

A

Maturation+release of oocyte (egg)
* marked by follicular phase of menstrual cycle

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13
Q

What gets released into the abdominal cavity?

A

mature (2*) oocytes

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14
Q

The ovarian follicle goes through a series of developmental stages leading to ovulation. During this development the oocyte is _

A

arrested

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15
Q

What is the organization of follicles

A
  • outer layer= stromal (CT) cells-> turn into theca cells
  • Inner layer= follicular cells-> turn into grandulosa cells
  • 1* occyte= immature gamate
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16
Q

How does the menstrual cycle corralate with follicles

A
  • during follicular phase-> follicles secrete estrogen
  • during luteal phase-> remnant follicles secrete progesterone
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17
Q

What are the different stages of the follicle?

A
  • Primordial follicle
  • 1* follicle
  • 2* follicle
  • Mature (graafian) follicle
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18
Q

Primordial follicle characteristics?

A
  • Follicular cells (not granulsoum cells) = simple squamous cells surrounding the oocyte
  • 1* oocyte arrested in prophase I [of meiosis]
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19
Q

1* follicle charateristics

A
  • Stromal cells (cortex) forms theca externa+interna which secrete androstenedione
  • Follicular cells -> now granulosa cells are simple cuboidal and secrete estrogen
  • Zona Pellucida= amorphous substance secreted by 1* oocyte
  • 1* is slighly bigger
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20
Q

In the 1* follicle, how are the granulosa cells and oocyte still connected

A

zona pellucida is penetrated by granulosa cells+oocytes processes that form gap jxns

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21
Q

2* follicle characteristics

A
  • theca externa+interna
  • Granulosa cells= stratified cubodial cells-> secrete liquor folliculi+ still estrogen
  • Antrum= formed from the droplets of liquor folliculi
  • Cumulus oorphus= “bridge” of granulosa cells
  • Corona Radiata= granulosa cells surrounding ZP
  • Zona pellucida= directly surrounding the 1* oocyte
  • 1* oocyte slightly bigger
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22
Q
  • Stromal cells develop into _
  • Follicular cells develop into _
A
  • theca externa and theca interna cells
  • granulosa cells
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23
Q

Theca externa cells are what?
Theca internal cells do what?

A
  • Theca externa cells are connective tissue in nature
  • Theca interna cells produce androstenedione which is secreted to the granulosa cells where it is converted to estradiol (estrogen)
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24
Q

List the cells you see along with epithelium for each of the following follicles

  • Primordial
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Mature
A
  • Primordial follicle: follicular cells= simple squamos
  • Primary follicle:
    stromal cells= theca E and I
    granulosa cells= simple cuboidal
  • Secondary follicle: granulosa cells= stratified cuboidal cells
  • Mature (graafian): granulosa cells= stratified cubiodal-> proliferation increase follicle size
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25
Q

_ is amorphous substance secreted between the granulosa cells and the oocyte.

A

Zona Pellucida

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26
Q
  • During development the granulosa cells secrete _ _ into intercellular spaces.
  • When these spaces become evident the follice is classified as a _ _ .
  • This fluid contains several secretory products (_, _, _ etc.)
  • Over time the spaces coelesce into a larger space called the _.
A
  • During development the granulosa cells secrete liquor folliculi into intercellular spaces.
  • When these spaces become evident the follice is classified as a secondary follicle.
  • This fluid contains several secretory products (progesterone, estradiol, inhibin etc.)
  • Over time the spaces coelesce into a larger space called the antrum.
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27
Q

The granulosa cells in the secondary follicles that surround the ZP are called what? What are they attached by?

A

corona radiata and attached to the other side by the cumulus oophorus

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28
Q

mature follicle characteristics

A
  • theca externa+interna
  • Granulsoa cells= stratified cuboidal-> proliferation increases follicle size
  • Antrum= contains free floating 1* oocyte (bc no bridge)
  • Cumulus oorphus-> breaks down just down just before ovulation
  • Corona radiata
  • Zona Pellucida
  • 1* oocyte remains the same size-> detaches from follicle wall
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29
Q

What does the mature follicle contain? What will it undergo?

A
  • Contain a well defined ampulla
  • Will undergo oogenesis before ovulation
30
Q

What breaks down to allow the oocyte to float free in antrum

A

cumulus oophorus

31
Q

What happens at ovulation

A

the follicle swells through the tunica albuginea and germinal epithelium and bursts releasing the egg into the pelvic cavity

then picked up by fimbrae

32
Q

When does oogensis occur?

A

just before ovulation

33
Q

What is the maturation process of oogenesis

A

1* ococyte-> 2* oocyte
* Step 1= 1* oocyte (arrested in prophase I) undergoes 1st meiotic divison
* Step 2= 1* oocyte finishes meiosis I à results in 2* oocyte + polar body
* Step 3 = 2* oocyte is arrested in metaphase II
* Step 4 = 2* oocyte gets released from its follicle upon ovulatin

34
Q
  • the first meiotic divison is competed just prior to _
  • the second meiotic division occurs only if _ occurs
A
  • Ovulation
  • Fertilization-> this typically occurs in the fallopian tube
35
Q

Oogenesis is regulated by what hormones?

A

Hormones:
* Oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) from follicular cells -> arrests in 1* oocyte in prophase I
* Maturation promoting factor (MPF)-> completion of 1st meiotic division to produce 2* oocytes

36
Q

What is the process of releasing 2* oocyte from mature ovarian follcle

A
  • the 2* oocyte is released into the abdominal cavity-> finds its wat to oviduct (uterine tube) through fimbrae
  • The process occurs each month after onset of puberty
37
Q

What initiates ovulation ?

A

an increase in estrogen from the granulosa cells as the follicle develops which causing an LH surge

38
Q

What happens to the follicle during ovulation

A

follicle swells through ovary
* moves from the cortex through the tunica aluginea+eplithelium of the ovary
* then, the follicle bursts open-> releases 2* oocte into abdominal cavity

39
Q

Explain pre-ovulation
* Phase?
* Cells?
* Characterized by?

A
  • Before ovulation = follicular phase of the menstrual cycle:
  • Stromal cells-> now Theca interna cells secrete androstenedione
  • Follicular cells-> now Granulosa cells convert androstenedione to estrogen
  • Characterized by the development of ovarian follicles + oocytes
40
Q

What is increase during the follicular phase?

A

estrogen because granulosa cells convert androsterndione to estrogen

41
Q

What phase is post-ovulation?

A

luteal phase

42
Q

What are the cells during in the luteal phase of menstrual cycle? What do they secrete?

A
  • Stromal cells->Theca interna cells-> now Theca lutean cells secrete androstenedione + progesterone
  • Follicular cells -> Granulosa cells -> now Granulosa lutean cells estrogen + progesterone
43
Q

Post ovulation is characterized by what

A

Characterized by the degradation of ovarian follicles after release of 2* oocyte

44
Q

What is the Corpora (Corpus) Lutean

A

The remnant follicle that remains after releasing its 2* oocyte
* Consists of the Theca lutean + Granulosa lutean cells

45
Q

During pregnancy, the corpora lutean is maintained for how long?

A

3 months

46
Q

If the egg is not fertilized, then the corpora (corpus) lutean turns into what?

A

the corpora albucans and involutes

47
Q
A

corpus luteum

48
Q

What is the oviduct?

A

uterine (fallopain) tube

49
Q

What does the mucosa of the oviduct contain?

A

epithelium+lamina propria+muscularis mucosa
* folding lessens toward the uterus-> more cuboidal cells (from columar cells)

50
Q

What is the epithelium of the oviduct and what cells are present ?

A
  • Epithelium = simple columnar cells w/ cilia (move fluid down)
  • Presence of secretory peg cells throughout to produce fluid for oocyte to be pushed down
51
Q

What are the components of the oviduct?

A
  1. Fimbria = finger-like projections sweep 2* oocyte in
  2. Ampulla = site of oocyte fertilization
  3. Isthmus = delivers oocyte to uterus for implantation
52
Q

Oviduct does not connect to what? How does it work?

A

Does NOT connect to the ovary
* Ovary releases 2* oocyte into abdominal cavity
* Then, Oviduct receives 2* oocyte from the cavity

53
Q

As you travel from the _ to the _ the folding of the mucosa becomes less complex and the height of the epithelium is reduced.

A

Fimbria to the uterus

54
Q

The lamina propria of the oviduct is made up of what?

A

made up of loose connective tissue and the muscularis has an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer

55
Q

What is the epithelium of the uterus? What cells are present?

A

Epithelium = simple columnar w/ cilia
* Presence of secretory cells

same as oviduct-> ovary=simple cubital

56
Q

What is the mucosa called in uterus?
What is it divided into?

A

Mucosa = Endometrium
* Divided into functional + basal layers
§ Functional gets sloughed off during menstruation

57
Q

What is the lamina propria in the uterus?

A

Lamina propria = loose CT containing glands + helical arteries
* Glands secrete glycogen (stains light/pale)
* Presence of decidual cells (from stromal cells) in pregnancy

58
Q

What is present in pregnancy?

A

Presence of decidual cells (from stromal cells) in pregnancy

59
Q

What is the muscularis externa called in uterus?What does it consist of?

A

Myometrium
* Consists of 3 layers of smooth muscle
* Outer longitudinal->middle circular->inner longitudinal

60
Q

What are the changes of the uterus during the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Early Proliferative Phase = lack complete epithelium
  • Late Proliferative Phase = fully intact epithelium + glands
  • Secretory Phase = intact epithelium + large lumens of glands
61
Q

What is the thickest point during the cycle?

A

the functional layer is about 6mm

62
Q

What happens during the menstrual cycle

A
  • Menstruation: Functional endometrium of the uterus is sloughed off
  • Follicular (proliferative) phase = follicle develops + endometrium thickens
  • Ovulation: LH surge causes release of mature oocyte
  • Lutean (secretaroy phase): oocyte travels to uterus + glands secrete glycogen
    Initiated by granulosa (follicular) cells producing progesterone
63
Q

What causes the release of mature oocyte

A

LH surge

64
Q

What happens in the lutean (secretory) phase?

A

Oocyte travels to uterus + glands secrete glycogen
* Initiated by granulosa lutean cells producing progesterone

65
Q

How is the menstrual cycle regulated?

A

hormonal
* estrogen-> increases LH+ thickens endometrium
* Progesterone-> decreases LH+maintains thickened endometrium

66
Q

How is the cervix divided into? What epithelium does it have?

A
  • Endocervix: simple columnar epithelium with mucous glands
  • Ectocervix: stratifed squamous epithelium

Vagina is also stratified squamous epithelium

67
Q

Glands can become blocked in the cervix can form what?

A

Nabothian cysts

68
Q
  • What is the epithelium of the vagina ?
  • What is not there ?
  • What are charateristic?
A

Epithelium = stratified squamous
* Does NOT contain glands (unlike cervix)
* Thin lamina propria, Thick muscularis externa
NOTE: ectocervix has same epithelium as vagina

69
Q

What is present in the placenta?

A

Villi = membrane folding of the placenta in the uterus

Contains cells =
* Outer layer of syncytiotrophoblasts= Contacts maternal blood space
* Inner layer of cytotrophoblasts

70
Q

What are the 3 stages of villi of the placenta?

A
  • 1* villi = just cells-> a layer of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
  • 2* villi = cells + mesenchyme
  • 3* (chorionic) villi = cells + mesenchyme + b.v.’s
71
Q

Stromal cells of the uterus become modified and form the _ which provides nourishment for the early implant

A

dicidua

72
Q
  • Where is the location of the mammary gland?
  • Innactive vs. active?
A
  • Breast tissue
  • Active (lactating) breast= increase # of glands +few CT
  • Inactive breast= decreased # of glands + lots of CT

Histology (39 decks)

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