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Histology > Exam1Lec5ConnectiveTissue > Flashcards

Exam1Lec5ConnectiveTissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the connective tissue?

A

Tissue (cells + fibers) that supports, protects and gives structure to other tissues & organs in the body.

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2
Q

What is connective tissue made of?

A

4 different types of cells and 3 diff types of fibers

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3
Q

What are the 4 different types of cells (originated from mesenchymal stem cells)?

A
  1. Fibroblast >produces collagen fibers (i.e., it is the main cell producing ECM fibers)
  2. Macrophage = immune cell
  3. Mast cell = immune cell >produces response to allergic reaction
  4. Plasma cell = immune cell > produces antibodies
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4
Q

What are the 3 diff types of fibers for connective tissue?

A
  1. Collagen (type IV)
  2. Elastic
  3. Reticular (type III collagen) > stains w/ silver (metal)
    -Produced by reticulocytes

collagen and elastic are both prduced by fibroblasts

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5
Q

Connective tissue is what plus what?

A

Cells + ECM (fibers + ground substance)

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6
Q

What is the major cellular component of CT? What do they produce?

A

Fibroblasts, and they produce collagen fibers (i.e., other major component of CT)
But can also produce elastic fibers that do NOT contain any collagen

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7
Q

What synthesiszes collagen?

A

Fibroblasts (alos osteoblasts and chondroblasts)

rer: synthesis of pre and pro collagen
golgi: packaging/secretion of procoll
ECM: enzymatic processing, self aggregation, cross linking

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8
Q

What characteristcs of fibroblasts do we see under a LM?

stain?
cell shape?
nuclei shape?

A

Stain = dark purple w/ H-stain > b/c they have rER + ribosomes
Cell = spindle-shaped
Nuclei = flat; cigar-shaped

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9
Q

What are the immune cells of connective tissues?

A

Macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells

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10
Q

Macrophages
fxn?
stain?
cell shape?
cytoplasm?
nuceli shape?

A
  • Phagocytic > have lysosomes to digest material
  • Stain = purple (H-stain)
  • Cell = irregular shape
  • Cytoplasm = vacuoles appear as “open spaces”
  • Nuclei = large, irregularly-shaped
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11
Q

Mast cells
fxn?
location?
stain?
cell shape?
cytoplasm?
nuceli shape?

A
  • Degranulation > leads to allergic response
    -Localized, mild reaction that is site specific
    -Hyperallergic > severe immediate reaction that is     systemic
  • 2 locations = mucosa (loose CT = lamina propria) & adult CT (CT proper)
  • Stain = purple (H-stain)
  • Cell = round/oval shape
  • Cytoplasm = many dark purple granules
  • Nuclei = lightly-stained round shape

know fxn and lxn

releases heparin, histamikne, proteoglycancs, ECF-A

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12
Q

Is lamina propria of gut and loose connective tissue the same thing?

slide 25

A

No, lamina propria is the layer where you can find connective tissue

ex: submusosa layer of gut> find dense irreg

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13
Q

Plasma cells
fxn?
stain?
cell shape?
cytoplasm?
nuceli shape?

A
  • B-lymphocytes exposed to Ag > produces Abs
  • Stain = purple (H-stain) w/small pale area near nucleus (golgi apparatus)
  • Cytoplasm = purple staining d/t lots of rER
  • Nuclei = large, eccentric (off-center), cartwheel appearanc
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14
Q

What are the 2 locations of mast cells?

A
  1. Mucosal found in loose CT under muscosal epithelium
  2. adult CT proper
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15
Q

What are the largest of fixed cells of CT?

A

Mast cells (20-30 microns)

macrophages are NOT fixed, they move around alot

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16
Q

Whar is ECM?

A

A gelatinous blend of water + ions + collagen + glycoprotein + proteoglycan
Surrounds cells & fibers of CT for support, metabolism + cell communication

17
Q

What are Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

A
  • Exist as proteins complex w/ polysaccharides
    -Keratin sulfate
    -Chondroitin sulfate
  • Fxn = control linkages b/n ECM components
  • Make up the major component of PG aggregates
    -They attach to PGs which cause PGs to bind the core protein
18
Q

What are proteoglycans (PGs)?

A
  • Fxn = adhesion of ECM components
  • Linker proteins attach to PG aggregates to hyaluronan
    -Results in lots of hydration of the EC

major part of ECM, they consist of GAGS

19
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

Glycoproteins = fibronectin & laminin

20
Q

ECM fxn?

A

ECM Fxn = regulation of distribution + transport of substances

21
Q

Ground substance of ECM

A

GAGs + PGs + glycoproteins

22
Q

ECM=

A

ground substance + fibers

23
Q

For CT classification, what are the 3 categories of CT?

A
  1. Embryonic = mesenchyme located in the embryo
  2. Specialized = cartilage, bone, blood, adipose, hemopoietic and lymphatic
  3. Adult (CT proper) = loose & dense
    -Classified as regular (fibers oriented in same direction) or irregular (fibers oriented in opposite direction)
24
Q

CT classificationn depends on the cell to ECM ratio, what is the ratio for
Loose (areolar) CT and Dense CT?

A
  • Loose (areolar) CT = cells > ECM (fibers)
  • Dense CT = cells < ECM (fibers)
25
Q

Where is loose (areolar) CT located?

A

Under epithelium, surrounds bv, nerves, and muscles

26
Q

Where can you find dense regular CT?

A

Tendons, ligaments, cornea of eye

transmits physical force and light energy

27
Q

Where can you find dense irregular CT?

A

dermis layer of skin, submucosa of GI

28
Q

Reticular CT vs Elastic CT

A

Reticular CT: dense irregular CT where reticualr fibers predomiate, seen in lymphatic tissues

Elastic CT: dense irregular CT where elastic fibers made by either fibroblasts (loose CT) or smooth muscle cells (aorts). Seen in large blood vessels and ligaments

Dense irregular CT = elastic CT (b.v.) & reticular CT (lymphoid organ

29
Q

Specialized connective tissue includes:

A

adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and hematopoietic tissue

30
Q

Connective tissue proper (adult CT) consists of what?

A

Cells and ECM that includes fibers and ground substances

just asking what is ct

31
Q

The classification fo CT proper is based on

A
  1. Distribution and relative number of cells
  2. Types of fibers present and their arrangement
  3. The amount and type of ECM
32
Q

The major (permanent residents) cell types found in CT are?

A
  • fibroblasts (collagen, elastic, reticular fibers)
  • macrophages
  • adipose cells
  • mesenchymal stem cells.
    The wandering (transient) cell population includes: lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

lymphocytes, plasma, and esonophils are immune cells

33
Q

The ECM is a complex structural network that does what 3 things?

A
  1. Surrounds
  2. Supports and a metabolic compartment
  3. Enables communication b/w cells
34
Q

What holds water for ECM, and is a big part of proteoglycan aggregating?

A

GAGs

35
Q

____ can indirectly bind to the hyaluronic acid molecule by means of link protins.

A

Proteoglycans

this property of hyaluronian and related polysaccharides regulates the distribution and transport of substances w/in the CT.

Histology (39 decks)

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