MSK - osteochondritides Flashcards
Joints
What is osteochrondritis dissecans?
caused by disrupted blood supply to the cartilage within knee joint leading to detached bone fragment
What are the symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans?
Subacute knee pain
swelling
locking after exercise
What are the clinical signs of osteochrondritis dissecans on examination
Joint effusion and tenderness on palpation of articular cartilage of medial femoral condyle
What is perthes disease and what age group is most affected?
Perthes Disease is a degenerative condition affecting the hip joint due to avascular necrosis of the femoral head, typically in children aged 4-8 years old.
What is the gender difference in perthes disease prevalence?
Perthes disease is 5x more common in boys
Symptoms of perthes disease?
Hip pain progressively worsens over weeks
shortening limb
limp
reduced range of motiomn
How can Perthes Disease be differentiated from SUFE?
Perthes Disease presents in primary school boys (4-8 years old) and develops gradually, whereas SUFE typically affects secondary school boys (10-15 years old) and presents more acutely following trauma.
What imaging techniques are used to diagnose Perthes Disease?
X-ray Ap and frog leg views:
may need mri if early stages
What are the key findings on x-ray for Perthes Disease?
In early stages, there is a decrease in size and opacity of the epiphysis.
Later stages show flattening, fragmentation, and sclerosis of the femoral head.
What is the management approach for Perthes Disease?
It is typically a self-limiting condition.
Management includes supportive care and physical therapy. If conservative methods fail and the child is over 6 years old, surgery may be considered.
What is Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
Osgood-Schlatter Disease is inflammation at the tibial tuberosity where the patella ligament inserts, typically affecting children aged 10-15 years old.
What are the symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
Symptoms include a visible or palpable lump and swelling at the tibial tuberosity, pain in the anterior knee, and pain exacerbated by physical activity.
What is the management approach for Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
Management includes pain relief with analgesia, applying ice over the tibial tuberosity, and using NSAIDs along with RICE (rest, ice, compress, elevate). Physical activity does not need to be completely stopped.
What is the prognosis of Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
Osgood-Schlatter Disease usually resolves over time.
A rare complication is an avulsion fracture, which may require surgical intervention.
What is transient synovitis?
Acute hip pain following a viral infection
children ages 3-8
what causes transient synovitis
temporary inflammation of the synovial membrane in hip joint
following a viral URTI
Symptoms of transient synovitis
Symptoms include limp or refusal to bear weight, groin/hip pain, and low-grade fever. High fever may indicate septic arthritis
What is the management approach for Transient Synovitis?
Management is self-limiting, involving rest and analgesia. Any child with a limp and fever needs same-day assessment.
What should be done for children under 3 years old with acute limp?
Children under 3 years old with an acute limp should undergo urgent pediatric assessment due to the higher risk of septic arthritis in this age group.
What is Chondromalacia Patellae?
Chondromalacia Patellae is the softening of the cartilage of the patella, commonly affecting teenage girls.
What are the symptoms of Chondromalacia Patellae?
: Symptoms include anterior knee pain, especially when walking up and down stairs or rising from prolonged sitting, along with a grating sensation.
What is the management approach for Chondromalacia Patellae
rest, physiotherapy, and NSAIDs for pain relief.
