Anaphylaxis Flashcards
What type of hypersensitivity causes anaphylaxis?
Type 1 hypersensitivity where antigen cross-links with IgE membrane bound antibody of mast cell or basophil
What causes the majority of anaphylaxis in children?
85% food allergy
Most in <5yo
Symptoms of anapylaxis? - ABCDE
Airway : Swelling, hoarseness, stridor
Breathing : High RR, wheeze, cyanosis, 92%
Circulation : Pale, clammy, low BP, drowsy, coma
Skin : Urticaria, angioedema
How to manage anaphylaxis medically?
1:1000 IM adrenaline
Given in thigh
Assess response after 5 mins, repeat if needed
Which additional medical treatments may be needed for anaphylaxis?
IV chlorpheniramine 10mg
IV hydrocortisone 200mg
Salbutamol if wheeze
What is hereditary angioedema?
C1 esterase deficiency
= recurrent facial swelling and abdominal pain
What to do within 30s of birth for neonatal resus?
Assess tone, RR, HR and colour
What to do within 60s of birth for neonatal resus?
Not breathing -> open airway -> 5 inflation breaths
- repeat 5 inflation breaths until chest movement seen
What to do if newborn chest is moving but HR <60bpm?
Ventilate for 30s
If heart rate if not detectable or <60 bpm despite ventilation what to do next for newborn?
Consider venous access and drugs:
1:10,000 adrenaline 0.5mL/kg
Dextrose + NaCL
NaHCO3 for metabolic acidosis
what is the APGAR score?
used at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery
- Appearance
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Activity
- Respiration
What APGAR score is normal?
7+
How if APGAR scored?
Each factor has a score out of 2
Heart rate absent = 0
Heart rate <100 bpm = 1
Heart rate >100 = 2
Resp effort absent = 0
Gasping irregular = 1
Regular, strong cry = 2
Muscle tone flaccid = 0
Flexion of limbs = 1
Well flexed active = 2
No reflex = 0
Grimace = 1
Cry and cough = 2
Pale/blue = 0
Pink body, blue extremities = 1
Pink = 2
