Urology - Phimosis and foreskin disorders Flashcards
What is phimosis?
Non-retractable foreskin (tight foreskin).
Is phimosis normal in infants?
Yes, physiological at birth; incidence decreases with age.
What is a key symptom of phimosis?
Ballooning during micturition.
How is phimosis managed?
<2 years old → Reassure and review in 6 months (advise hygiene).
> 2 years old → Circumcision or topical steroid creams.
What is paraphimosis?
EMERGENCY!
Foreskin trapped in retracted position, proximal to swollen glans.
Why is paraphimosis an emergency?
Restricts blood flow to the penis, turning it dark purple.
How is paraphimosis managed?
1st Line → Analgesia + gentle foreskin reduction (compression with saline-soaked swab).
2nd Line → Emergency referral to urologist.
What is hypospadias?
Urethral opening not at the tip of the penis (commonly on distal ventral surface).
What conditions are associated with hypospadias?
Cryptorchidism (10%) and inguinal hernia.
How is hypospadias managed?
Refer to specialist services.
Surgical correction at 12 months.
Do NOT circumcise before surgery (foreskin may be used in repair).
