MS

Question 1

In MS, the speed of transmission is _____.

Answer 1

decreased

Question 2

In MS, the latency is _____.

Answer 2

prolonged

Question 3

What does Dalfampridine do?

Answer 3

blocks K+ channels and improves walking speed

Question 4

Demyelination causes proliferation of _____ along the axons.

Answer 4

sodium channels

Question 4

______ causes proliferation of sodium channels along the axons.

Answer 4

Demyelination

Question 5

What is molecular mimicry?

Answer 5

different antigens may cause the same immune reaction if they are similar to each other

Question 5

In MS, the ______ is prolonged.

Answer 5

latency

Question 5

In MS, the amplitude of response is ______.

Answer 5

smaller

Question 6

If you see contrast in the brain, you should think that ______.

Answer 6

the blood brain barrier has been disrupted

Question 7

In MS, the _____ is decreased.

Answer 7

speed of transmission

Question 8

Dawson’s fingers

Answer 8

demyelination of the brain around the lateral ventricles causing distinct finger-like projections on imaging

Question 8

What most often causes decreased quality of life in MS?

Answer 8

pain

Question 9

The ____ MS is treated, the _____ the outcomes.

Answer 9

earlier; better

Question 11

MS is _______ and ________.

Answer 11

progressive; degenerative

Question 12

Genes related to MS do not cause the disease- they ______.

Answer 12

increase the susceptibility to getting MS

Question 13

What does flecainide do?

Answer 13

it’s a sodium channel blocker to preserve axons

Question 14

What is the main underlying cause of MS?

Answer 14

demyelination

Question 15

What is the lifetime risk for a Colorado resident with a first degree affected relative to get MS?

Answer 15

3%

Question 16

What are the common symptoms of MS?

Answer 16

fatigue, walking impairment, spasticity, cognitive impairment, bladder dysfunction, pain, mood instability, sexual dysfunction

Question 17

With ________ sodium entry into the cell, impulse conduction is slowed.

Answer 17

increased

Question 19

How many lesions occur if no treatment is given?

Answer 19

about 5 per

Question 20

In MS, the _______ of response is smaller.

Answer 20

amplitude

Question 20

Name 2 drugs given to block sodium channels and preserve axons.

Answer 20

phenytoin and flecainide

Question 21

Why does calcium-mediated nerve injury occur in demyelination?

Answer 21

the sodium-calcium exchange is reversed and calcium influxes into the cell

Question 22

What does phenytoin do?

Answer 22

it’s a sodium channel blocker to preserve axons

Question 24

What virus is historically associated with MS?

Answer 24

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 25

With increased sodium entry into the cell, nerve conduction is ______.

Answer 25

slowed

Question 27

What is the clinical isolated symptom?

Answer 27

the first MS symptom affecting the pt

Question 28

How could the blood brain barrier get disrupted?

Answer 28

an immunologic response; inflammation

Question 30

How is walking impairment assessed?

Answer 30

timed foot walks

Question 31

What is latency?

Answer 31

the time from signal to response

Question 32

When does the 2nd relapse typically occur?

Answer 32

12-18 mos after the first

Question 33

What happens in the preclinical phase of MS?

Answer 33

pts c/o muscle and cognitive fatigue

Question 34

What is relapse?

Answer 34

onset of new deficits within a 24 hour period that persist for 2-3 weeks but slowly get better

Question 35

There are over ____ genes directly related to MS.

Answer 35

100

Question 36

MS patients have to use _____ neurons to do the same task as a non-patient.

Answer 36

20% more