MS Flashcards
In MS, the speed of transmission is _____.
decreased
In MS, the latency is _____.
prolonged
What does Dalfampridine do?
blocks K+ channels and improves walking speed
Demyelination causes proliferation of _____ along the axons.
sodium channels
______ causes proliferation of sodium channels along the axons.
Demyelination
What is molecular mimicry?
different antigens may cause the same immune reaction if they are similar to each other
In MS, the ______ is prolonged.
latency
In MS, the amplitude of response is ______.
smaller
If you see contrast in the brain, you should think that ______.
the blood brain barrier has been disrupted
In MS, the _____ is decreased.
speed of transmission
Dawson’s fingers
demyelination of the brain around the lateral ventricles causing distinct finger-like projections on imaging
What most often causes decreased quality of life in MS?
pain
The ____ MS is treated, the _____ the outcomes.
earlier; better
MS is _______ and ________.
progressive; degenerative
Genes related to MS do not cause the disease- they ______.
increase the susceptibility to getting MS
What does flecainide do?
it’s a sodium channel blocker to preserve axons
What is the main underlying cause of MS?
demyelination
What is the lifetime risk for a Colorado resident with a first degree affected relative to get MS?
3%
What are the common symptoms of MS?
fatigue, walking impairment, spasticity, cognitive impairment, bladder dysfunction, pain, mood instability, sexual dysfunction
With ________ sodium entry into the cell, impulse conduction is slowed.
increased
How many lesions occur if no treatment is given?
about 5 per
In MS, the _______ of response is smaller.
amplitude
Name 2 drugs given to block sodium channels and preserve axons.
phenytoin and flecainide
Why does calcium-mediated nerve injury occur in demyelination?
the sodium-calcium exchange is reversed and calcium influxes into the cell
What does phenytoin do?
it’s a sodium channel blocker to preserve axons
What virus is historically associated with MS?
Epstein-Barr virus
With increased sodium entry into the cell, nerve conduction is ______.
slowed
What is the clinical isolated symptom?
the first MS symptom affecting the pt
How could the blood brain barrier get disrupted?
an immunologic response; inflammation
How is walking impairment assessed?
timed foot walks
What is latency?
the time from signal to response
When does the 2nd relapse typically occur?
12-18 mos after the first
What happens in the preclinical phase of MS?
pts c/o muscle and cognitive fatigue
What is relapse?
onset of new deficits within a 24 hour period that persist for 2-3 weeks but slowly get better
There are over ____ genes directly related to MS.
100
MS patients have to use _____ neurons to do the same task as a non-patient.
20% more
