Endocytosis and Protein Degradation

Question 1

The UPS is responsible for the ______.

Answer 1

rapid degradation of proteins

Question 1

______ is typically described as a stress response to starvation; components of the cell are broken down to be _____.

Answer 1

Autophagy; reutilized for survival

Question 2

Autophagy is typically described as______; components of the cell are _____ to be reutilized for survival.

Answer 2

a stress response to starvation; broken down

Question 3

_____ is carried out by macrophages and neutrophils.

Answer 3

Phagocytosis

Question 3

About ____ of protein synthesis occurs in the rough ER.

Answer 3

30%

Question 3

A chain of at least ______ is required by the proteasome as a tag for degradation.

Answer 3

4 ubiquitins

Question 5

_____ of vesicles involves small volumes.

Answer 5

Pinocytosis

Question 7

Autophagy is mainly involved in the degradation of _____.

Answer 7

long-lived proteins and entire organelles

Question 8

There are two major routes of endocytosis: (1)____ and (2) ______.

Answer 8

phagocytosis; pinocytosis

Question 9

Pinocytosis of vesicles involves ____.

Answer 9

small volumes

Question 10

What does UPS stand for?

Answer 10

ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)

Question 11

There are two major routes of ______: (1)phagocytosis and (2) pinocytosis.

Answer 11

endocytosis

Question 12

_____ are typically formed by two mechanisms, either clathrin coat proteins or caveolae.

Answer 12

Vesicles

Question 12

Three major protein degradation pathways exist in eukaryotic cells: ______, _____, and ______.

Answer 12

the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the lysosome, ad autophagy

Question 12

____ helps fold a protein by binding to exposed hydrophobic patches in incompletely folded proteins and prevents aggregation.

Answer 12

Hsp70

Question 13

About 30% of protein synthesis occurs in the ____.

Answer 13

rough ER

Question 14

_____ is mainly involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins and entire organelles.

Answer 14

Autophagy

Question 15

_____ primarily degrade extracellular materials taken up by endocytosis and some intracellular components.

Answer 15

Lysosomes

Question 17

Phagocytosis is carried out by _____ and _____.

Answer 17

macrophages; neutrophils

Question 19

______ are small endocytic vesicles that form without coat proteins.

Answer 19

Caveolae

Question 21

A chain of at least four ubiquitins is required by the _____ as a tag for degradation.

Answer 21

proteasome

Question 22

Caveolae are small endocytic vesicles that form _____.

Answer 22

without coat proteins

Question 23

Three major _____ pathways exist in eukaryotic cells: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the lysosome, and autophagy.

Answer 23

protein degradation

Question 24

Dynamin _____.

Answer 24

pinches off the membrane

Question 25

Hsp70 helps fold a protein by _____ in incompletely folded proteins and prevents aggregation.

Answer 25

binding to exposed hydrophobic patches

Question 26

____ forms an elaborate, large, barrel-shaped structure that acts as an isolation chamber. Misfolded proteins are fed into the chamber to prevent ______ and to help it to refold.

Answer 26

Hsp60; aggregation

Question 27

Hsp60 forms an elaborate, large, _____ that acts as an isolation chamber. ______ proteins are fed into the chamber to prevent aggregation and to help it to refold.

Answer 27

barrel-shaped structure; Misfolded

Question 28

The _____ is responsible for the rapid degradation of proteins.

Answer 28

UPS

Question 29

_____ pinches off the membrane.

Answer 29

Dynamin

Question 30

Vesicles are typically formed by two mechanisms, either ______ or ______.

Answer 30

clathrin coat proteins; caveolae

Question 31

Lysosomes primarily degrade extracellular materials taken up by _____ and some _____.

Answer 31

endocytosis; intracellular components