Endocytosis and Protein Degradation Flashcards
The UPS is responsible for the ______.
rapid degradation of proteins
______ is typically described as a stress response to starvation; components of the cell are broken down to be _____.
Autophagy; reutilized for survival
Autophagy is typically described as______; components of the cell are _____ to be reutilized for survival.
a stress response to starvation; broken down
_____ is carried out by macrophages and neutrophils.
Phagocytosis
About ____ of protein synthesis occurs in the rough ER.
30%
A chain of at least ______ is required by the proteasome as a tag for degradation.
4 ubiquitins
_____ of vesicles involves small volumes.
Pinocytosis
Autophagy is mainly involved in the degradation of _____.
long-lived proteins and entire organelles
There are two major routes of endocytosis: (1)____ and (2) ______.
phagocytosis; pinocytosis
Pinocytosis of vesicles involves ____.
small volumes
What does UPS stand for?
ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)
There are two major routes of ______: (1)phagocytosis and (2) pinocytosis.
endocytosis
_____ are typically formed by two mechanisms, either clathrin coat proteins or caveolae.
Vesicles
Three major protein degradation pathways exist in eukaryotic cells: ______, _____, and ______.
the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the lysosome, ad autophagy
____ helps fold a protein by binding to exposed hydrophobic patches in incompletely folded proteins and prevents aggregation.
Hsp70
About 30% of protein synthesis occurs in the ____.
rough ER
_____ is mainly involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins and entire organelles.
Autophagy
_____ primarily degrade extracellular materials taken up by endocytosis and some intracellular components.
Lysosomes
Phagocytosis is carried out by _____ and _____.
macrophages; neutrophils
______ are small endocytic vesicles that form without coat proteins.
Caveolae
A chain of at least four ubiquitins is required by the _____ as a tag for degradation.
proteasome
Caveolae are small endocytic vesicles that form _____.
without coat proteins
Three major _____ pathways exist in eukaryotic cells: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the lysosome, and autophagy.
protein degradation
Dynamin _____.
pinches off the membrane
Hsp70 helps fold a protein by _____ in incompletely folded proteins and prevents aggregation.
binding to exposed hydrophobic patches
____ forms an elaborate, large, barrel-shaped structure that acts as an isolation chamber. Misfolded proteins are fed into the chamber to prevent ______ and to help it to refold.
Hsp60; aggregation
Hsp60 forms an elaborate, large, _____ that acts as an isolation chamber. ______ proteins are fed into the chamber to prevent aggregation and to help it to refold.
barrel-shaped structure; Misfolded
The _____ is responsible for the rapid degradation of proteins.
UPS
_____ pinches off the membrane.
Dynamin
Vesicles are typically formed by two mechanisms, either ______ or ______.
clathrin coat proteins; caveolae
Lysosomes primarily degrade extracellular materials taken up by _____ and some _____.
endocytosis; intracellular components
