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M2M Unit III > Epithelial Transport > Flashcards

Epithelial Transport Flashcards

1
Q

At rest, the apical _____ channels are closed.

A

Cl-

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1
Q

What kinds of metabolic waste molecules are non-volatile?

A

urea and protons

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2
Q

_____ cannot maintain large energy gradients because solutes and water leak back across the epithelium through the pericellular shunt.

A

Leaky epithelia

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2
Q

In the lungs, ____ diffuses passively from blood to air.

A

CO2

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3
Q

How does someone get cystic fibrosis?

A

it’s genetic

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3
Q

How do the kidneys filter waste?

A

the epithelial cells lining the tubules reabsorb the things that it wants to keep (glucose, salts, bicarbonate, etc)

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4
Q

Each day the cells in an adult human produce about ____ of metabolic waste solute.

A

15 moles

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4
Q

What is Uremia?

A

urine in the blood

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4
Q

Functions of the kidney include excreting non-volatile metabolic wastes and _____.

A

regulating the composition of virtually all ECF solutes as well as water

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5
Q

By keeping the ______ concentration low, the Na/K pump provides the energy to drive a host of secondary transporters.

A

intracellular sodium ion

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5
Q

How are the metabolic waste solutes removed from the body?

A

fluid exits the lungs; the kidneys do the rest

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6
Q

Synonyms for _____ include serosal and peritubular.

A

basolateral

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7
Q

Where are water pumps located in the body?

A

they don’t exist

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8
Q

What is the defect in cystic fibrosis?

A

the Cl- channel is mutated, reducing the epi’s ability to secrete serous fluid, causing very thick mucous and infections

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9
Q

What does CFTR stand for?

A

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator

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10
Q

In general, epithelia engaged in _____ are leaky, while those epithelia doing the finishing work are tight.

A

massive transport of substances

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10
Q

A ____ transepithelial voltage would be measured in leaky tight junctions.

A

lower

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11
Q

By keeping the intracellular sodium ion concentration ____, the Na/K pump provides the energy to drive a host of secondary transporters.

A

low

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13
Q

In general, epithelia engaged in massive transport of substances are leaky, while those epithelia _____ are tight.

A

doing the finishing work

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13
Q

How are the GI tract epithelium transporters regulated?

A

they aren’t- they will absorb everything ingested

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14
Q

Water always moves passively down _____.

A

osmotic gradients

15
Q

What is the equation for transepithelial potential difference (transPD)?

A

TransPD = Vm (Basolateral) – Vm (Apical)

15
Q

How does cholera toxin work?

A

it locks open the Cl- channels, causing a massive efflux of fluid from the cell

15
Q

Water always moves _____ down osmotic gradients.

A

passively

17
Q

The _____ is always located on the basolateral membrane.

A

Na/K pump

18
Q

Synonyms for _____ include mucosal and luminal.

A

apical

20
Q

What is the key player in secretion of fluid by an epithelial cell?

A

the Cl- channel

21
Q

The ____ and _____ are examples of sodium-dependent secondary active transport systems.

A

sugar; amino acid pumps

22
Q

The sugar and amino acid pumps are examples of ______.

A

sodium-dependent secondary active transport systems

23
Q

Functions of the ____ include excreting non-volatile metabolic wastes and regulating the composition of virtually all ECF solutes as well as water.

A

kidney

25
Q

The driving force for nearly all transport is the ______.

A

Na/K pump

27
Q

Leaky epithelia cannot maintain large energy gradients because solutes and water leak back across the epithelium through the _________.

A

pericellular shunt

29
Q

Name 2 ways a substance can cross the epithelium.

A

1) entering the epi and exiting the other side 2) pass through the tight junctions via the pericellular shunt pathway

29
Q

Synonyms for basolateral include _____ and ______.

A

serosal; peritubular

30
Q

A lower transepithelial voltage would be measured in ____.

A

leaky tight junctions

31
Q

____ always moves passively down osmotic gradients.

A

Water

33
Q

Epithelial cells transport glucose by ____.

A

sodium-dependent secondary active transport pumps

35
Q

____ are the main exception to the otherwise universal dependence of epithelial pumping on the Na/K pump.

A

Protons

36
Q

The Na/K pump is always located on the ______.

A

basolateral membrane

37
Q

Functions of the kidney include_____ and regulating the composition of virtually all ECF solutes as well as water.

A

excreting non-volatile metabolic wastes

38
Q

How does Cl- leaking into the lumen pull water with it?

A

Na+ passively follows Cl-,and the resulting osmotic gradient draws water along with it

40
Q

What is the pericellular shunt pathway?

A

solutes and water passing in between the epi cells through leaky tight junctions

42
Q

By keeping the intracellular sodium ion concentration low, the _____ provides the energy to drive a host of secondary transporters.

A

Na/K pump

43
Q

What activates the Cl- channels?

A

hormones, parasympathetic nerves, pathogens

44
Q

Synonyms for apical include _____ and ______.

A

mucosal; luminal

45
Q

vasopressin

A

anti-diuretic hormone

47
Q

How is a sugary snack absorbed by the epithelium?

A

NaCl leaks from the blood and crosses the leaky tight junctions

48
Q

Each day the cells in an adult human produce about 15 moles of _____.

A

metabolic waste solute

49
Q

At rest, the apical Cl- channels are _____.

A

closed

50
Q

Non-epithelial cells transport glucose by _____.

A

facilitated diffusion

51
Q

Protons are the main exception to the otherwise universal dependence of epithelial pumping on the ____.

A

Na/K pump

M2M Unit III (30 decks)

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