Membrane Fusion Flashcards

1
Q

All cellular membranes are composed from a ____ with ____ facing the outside and interacting with ____.

A

lipid bilayer; charged residues; water molecules

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1
Q

The viral fusion domain is _____ within the viral protein.

A

folded and hidden

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1
Q

Upon receiving _______, the viral fusion domain is exposed and inserted into the target cell membrane.

A

a specific signal (like a change in pH),

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2
Q

Viral fusion proteins contain a _____ at the one end and a _____.

A

transmembrane domain; highly hydrophobic fusion domain

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3
Q

The formation of highly stable SNARE complex drives _______.

A

membrane fusion

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4
Q

____ uses _____ to generate energy needed to disassemble the SNARE complex.

A

NSF; ATP hydrolysis

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5
Q

____ and _____ disassemble the SNARE complex.

A

NSF; αSNAP

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6
Q

VAMP is located in the _________.

A

transport vesicle

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7
Q

Syntaxin and SNAP are located in ________.

A

the target membrane

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8
Q

Name 4 membrane bound organelles.

A

1) nucleus, 2) endosomes 3) lysosomes 4) mitochondria

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9
Q

What proteins help the transport vesicle to fuse with the target membrane?

A

SNAREs

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11
Q

intracellular vesicle transport

A

transport of proteins in and out of membrane bound organelles without compromising their identity

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12
Q

The _____ domain is inserted into the target cell membrane when a virus attacks.

A

viral fusion

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13
Q

Sec1 protein binds and changes ____ to refold the SNARE proteins back into the _________.

A

syntaxin; active conformation

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13
Q

Name 3 enveloped viruses.

A

1) HIV 2) ebola 3) influenza

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14
Q

____ and ____ are located in the target membrane.

A

Syntaxin; SNAP

15
Q

A transport vesicle needs to be delivered to the ____ via help of _____ that move along ____ or microtubule tracks.

A

fusion site; molecular motor proteins; actin

16
Q

What does NSF stand for?

A

N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive fusion protein

18
Q

NSF uses ATP hydrolysis to _____ needed to disassemble the _____.

A

generate energy; SNARE complex

19
Q

The membrane fusion thermodynamically is highly ______ event, since it needs to overcome the repulsive _____ and dissipate the _____ between two lipid bilayers.

A

inefficient; ionic forces; hydration

19
Q

________ drives membrane fusion.

A

The formation of highly stable SNARE complex

20
Q

What does VAMPs stand for?

A

vesicle associated membrane protein

21
Q

NSF and αSNAP ______.

A

disassemble the SNARE complex

22
Q

_____ protein binds and changes syntaxin to refold the _____ back into the active conformation.

A

Sec1; SNARE proteins

24
Q

A ______ needs to be delivered to the fusion site via help of molecular motor proteins that move along actin or _____.

A

transport vesicle; microtubule tracks

25
Q

What does αSNAP stand for?

A

soluble NSF attachment protein

27
Q

____ is located in the transport vesicle.

A

VAMP

28
Q

What does SNAPs stand for?

A

synaptosome associated protein

29
Q

What does SNAREs stand for?

A

soluble NSF attachment protein receptor

30
Q

There are three main classes of SNAREs: _____, ______, and ______.

A

syntaxins, VAMPs, and SNAPs