Cytoskeleton I

Question 1

Alzheimer plaques are surrounded by _____.

Answer 1

GFAP-rich reactive astrocytes

Question 2

The building blocks of MTs are heterodimers of the protein _____ (α and β).

Answer 2

tubulin

Question 3

The three types of _____ are: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

Answer 3

cytoskeletal elements

Question 3

Abnormal _____ assembly seems to be involved in the neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’s Disease).

Answer 3

neurofilament

Question 3

Lamin mutations are linked to various _____.

Answer 3

progeria syndroms

Question 4

____block mitosis and, thus, are important therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.

Answer 4

MT toxins

Question 5

Keratins, a family of about 50 proteins, are dominant components of the _____ and its appendages, providing ____.

Answer 5

epidermis; mechanical strength

Question 5

Abnormal neurofilament assembly seems to be involved in the neurodegenerative disease, _____.

Answer 5

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

Question 6

_____ are tubular and are flexible but not very resistant to stretching.

Answer 6

Microtubules (MTs)

Question 6

Mutations in the ______ may interfere with axonal transport and cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome.

Answer 6

neurofilament light chain

Question 7

The building blocks of ____ are heterodimers of the protein tubulin (α and β).

Answer 7

MTs

Question 8

Vimentins are present in _____.

Answer 8

a majority of cell types

Question 9

Microtubules typically have one end attached to a _____, also known as perinuclear microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

Answer 9

centrosome

Question 9

Several cell-type-specific cytoplasmic IF proteins exist: ____, _____, and _____.

Answer 9

keratins, vimentins and vimentin-related proteins, and neurofilament proteins

Question 10

The _____ provides cell shape, mechanical strength, the structures needed for locomotion, support for the plasma membrane, the scaffold for the spatial organization of organelles, and the means for intracellular transport of organelles and other cargo.

Answer 10

cytoskeleton

Question 11

_____ can lead to epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

Answer 11

Keratin mutations

Question 12

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the IF protein characteristic of astrocytes in the CNS, abundant in connection with ______ in the brain.

Answer 12

inflammatory and/or degenerative processes

Question 14

______ are rope-like, fibrous structures of about 10nm diameter prominent in cells exposed to mechanical stress.

Answer 14

Intermediate filaments (IFs)

Question 14

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are rope-like, fibrous structures of about 10nm diameter prominent in cells _____.

Answer 14

exposed to mechanical stress

Question 14

The main function of ___ is to provide intracellular mechanical support.

Answer 14

IFs

Question 15

______ are surrounded by GFAP-rich reactive astrocytes.

Answer 15

Alzheimer plaques

Question 17

The main function of IFs is to provide ______.

Answer 17

intracellular mechanical support.

Question 18

MT toxins block mitosis and, thus, are important _____.

Answer 18

therapeutic tools for cancer treatment

Question 20

The three types of cytoskeletal elements are: ____, _____, and _____.

Answer 20

microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments

Question 22

Microtubules (MTs) are _____ and are flexible but not very resistant to _____.

Answer 22

tubular; stretching

Question 23

____ mutations are linked to various progeria syndroms.

Answer 23

Lamin

Question 25

Several cell-type-specific _____ exist: keratins, vimentins and vimentin-related proteins, and neurofilament proteins.

Answer 25

cytoplasmic IF proteins

Question 27

______ typically have one end attached to a centrosome, also known as perinuclear microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

Answer 27

Microtubules

Question 28

______ is the IF protein characteristic of astrocytes in the CNS, abundant in connection with inflammatory and/or degenerative processes in the brain.

Answer 28

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

Question 30

IFs fall into two categories: ______ and ______.

Answer 30

cytoplasmic; nuclear lamins

Question 31

Mutations in the neurofilament light chain may interfere with axonal transport and cause _____.

Answer 31

Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome

Question 32

____ , a family of about 50 proteins, are dominant components of the epidermis and its appendages, providing mechanical strength.

Answer 32

Keratins

Question 33

______ appears to control axonal diameter.

Answer 33

Neurofilament abundance

Question 34

Keratin mutations can lead to ______.

Answer 34

epidermolysis bullosa simplex

Question 35

____ fall into two categories: cytoplasmic and nuclear lamins.

Answer 35

IFs