Extracellular Matrix Flashcards
Some common GAGs are _____, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and _____ sulfate.
hyaluronan; keratan
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are important for _____ and in cell _____.
tissue remodeling; invasion of tissues
_____are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that operate as homodimers.
Cadherins
Fibronectin and laminin are examples of _____.
multidomain adapter proteins
In connective tissues, the _____ are synthesized and secreted primarily by ______ or specialized members of the ______ family, such as chondroblasts (in cartilage) or osteoblasts (in bone).
ECM macromolecules; fibroblasts; fibroblast
Name 2 fibrous proteins.
collagen and elastin
Some common GAGs are hyaluronan, ______ sulfate, dermatan sulfate, _____ sulfate, and keratan sulfate.
chondroitin; heparan
Fibronectin is a large, dimeric _____ whose two large subunits are linked together by _____ bonds.
glycoprotein; disulfide
The 3 most abundant classes of CAMs are ______, _____, and _____.
cadherins; immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members; integrins
The ECM serves not only as a scaffold for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as ____, differentiation, _____, proliferation, and ____.
survival; migration; shape
CAM-associated proteins also are involved in the ____ and in _____.
regulation of adhesion; cell signaling
A ____ is a covalently linked complex of GAGs and protein.
proteoglycan (PG)
GAGs consist of ______ composed of disaccharide repeats.
unbranched polysaccharide chains
Adhesion to other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for _______.
cell survival
_____ die on fibronectin but grow and prosper on laminin.
Neurons
_____ binding is Ca2+-dependent
Cadherin
Cadherins are very common in _____ complexes.
intercellular junctional
______ also are involved in the regulation of adhesion and in cell signaling.
CAM-associated proteins
When bound to a ligand, ____ signal their engagement via a conformational change to the ____.
CAMs; cell interior
Overexpression of some MMPs correlates with ______ and _____ in many cancers.
high invasiveness; poor prognosis
A GAG + a protein = ______
proteoglycan
Overexpression of some ____correlates with high invasiveness and poor prognosis in many cancers.
MMPs
The ECM consists of a variety of ____ and _____ that are secreted and assembled in close association with the cells that synthesized them.
proteins; polysaccharides
Cadherins have very specific additional associated proteins, the ____.
catenins
Substrate selectivity depends on the presence or absence of _____ and their ____.
appropriate adhesion molecules; ligands
Fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin are _____ found in the ECM.
adhesion molecules
Name 3 adhesion molecules found in the ECM.
fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin
Neurons die on ____ but grow and prosper on ____.
fibronectin; laminin
_____ mutations interfere with osteogenesis and cause skeletal dysplasias.
Collagen I
What do GAGs link covalently to?
proteins
_____ is a large, dimeric glycoprotein whose two large subunits are linked together by disulfide bonds.
Fibronectin
Collagen I is the most common collagen form, abundant in ______, and Collagen IV is characteristic of the _____.
connective tissues; basal lamina
The ECM consists of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are _____ and ______ in close association with the cells that synthesized them.
secreted; assembled
PGs contain at least one ____ chain but may carry many.
GAG
Name the 4 major classes of molecules that makes up the ECM.
1) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 2) fibrous proteins 3) adapter proteins 4) water and solutes
Laminin is found in the ______ only.
basal lamina
The _____ repeat that binds to integrins is the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding sequence.
fibronectin
_____ to other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for cell survival.
Adhesion
In _____, the ECM macromolecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as _____ (in cartilage) or _____ (in bone).
connective tissues; chondroblasts; osteoblasts
Name 2 examples of multidomain adapter proteins.
fibronectin and laminin
The ____ serves not only as a _____ for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as survival, differentiation, migration, proliferation, and shape.
ECM; scaffold
____ adhere to and grow on fibronectin.
Fibroblasts
Two of the basal lamina’s characteristic components are _____ and _____.
collagen IV; laminin
Two of the _____ characteristic components are collagen IV and laminin.
basal lamina’s
____ consist of unbranched polysaccharide chains composed of disaccharide repeats.
GAGs
One of the early signs of carcinogenesis is a change in ______.
CAM(s)
Integrins are composed of _____.
α/β heterodimers
Some _____ mutations have been linked to nephrotic syndrome.
laminin
Loss-of-function mutations of ______ 2 or 13 cause inherited osteolysis/arthritis syndromes and bone dysplasias.
matrix metalloproteases (MMP)
The ____ consists of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are secreted and assembled in close association with the ______.
ECM; cells that synthesized them
What does GAG stand for?
glycosaminoglycans
_____ depends on the presence or absence of appropriate adhesion molecules and their ligands.
Substrate selectivity
____ must be linked to the cytoskeleton.
CAMs
In connective tissues, the ECM macromolecules are _____ and _____ primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as chondroblasts (in cartilage) or osteoblasts (in bone).
synthesized; secreted
Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that operate as _____.
homodimers
_____ are important for tissue remodeling and in cell invasion of tissues.
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)
Collagen I mutations interfere with _____ and cause skeletal _____.
osteogenesis; dysplasias
The fibronectin repeat that binds to integrins is the ____.
Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding sequence
GAGs usually carry a ____ charge.
negative
Closer to the membrane, IgSF CAMs usually contain a couple of _____.
fibronectin type III domains
The ECM serves not only as a scaffold for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as survival, _____, migration, ______, and shape.
differentiation; proliferation
What do cells adhere to?
other cells or the ECM
CAMs must be linked to the ______.
cytoskeleton
______ is the most common collagen form, abundant in connective tissues, and ______ is characteristic of the basal lamina.
Collagen I; Collagen IV
_____ null mutant mice are early embryonic lethal.
Fibronectin
The 3 most abundant classes of ____ are cadherins, immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members, and integrins.
CAMs
In connective tissues, the ECM macromolecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as chondroblasts (______) or osteoblasts (______).
in cartilage; in bone
Fibroblasts adhere to and grow on ______.
fibronectin
GAGs contain one ____ sugar and one ____ sugar.
amino; uronic acid
____ are very common in intercellular junctional complexes.
Cadherins
When bound to a _____, CAMs signal their engagement via a _____ to the cell interior.
ligand;conformational change
_____ is found in the basal lamina only.
Laminin
Closer to the membrane, _____ usually contain a couple of fibronectin type III domains.
IgSF CAMs
Some laminin mutations have been linked to _____.
nephrotic syndrome
Collagen and elastin are examples of _____.
fibrous proteins
Collagens are _____ and the most abundant _____ in mammals, accounting for about 25% of protein mass.
fibrous proteins; proteins
Cadherin binding is ____ dependent
Ca2+
_____ are fibrous proteins and the most abundant proteins in mammals, accounting for about ____ of protein mass.
Collagens; 25%
_____ are composed of α/β heterodimers.
Integrins
