Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M2M Unit III > Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

Some common GAGs are _____, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and _____ sulfate.

A

hyaluronan; keratan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are important for _____ and in cell _____.

A

tissue remodeling; invasion of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

_____are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that operate as homodimers.

A

Cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fibronectin and laminin are examples of _____.

A

multidomain adapter proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In connective tissues, the _____ are synthesized and secreted primarily by ______ or specialized members of the ______ family, such as chondroblasts (in cartilage) or osteoblasts (in bone).

A

ECM macromolecules; fibroblasts; fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 2 fibrous proteins.

A

collagen and elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Some common GAGs are hyaluronan, ______ sulfate, dermatan sulfate, _____ sulfate, and keratan sulfate.

A

chondroitin; heparan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fibronectin is a large, dimeric _____ whose two large subunits are linked together by _____ bonds.

A

glycoprotein; disulfide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The 3 most abundant classes of CAMs are ______, _____, and _____.

A

cadherins; immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members; integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ECM serves not only as a scaffold for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as ____, differentiation, _____, proliferation, and ____.

A

survival; migration; shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CAM-associated proteins also are involved in the ____ and in _____.

A

regulation of adhesion; cell signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A ____ is a covalently linked complex of GAGs and protein.

A

proteoglycan (PG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GAGs consist of ______ composed of disaccharide repeats.

A

unbranched polysaccharide chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adhesion to other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for _______.

A

cell survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_____ die on fibronectin but grow and prosper on laminin.

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_____ binding is Ca2+-dependent

A

Cadherin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cadherins are very common in _____ complexes.

A

intercellular junctional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ also are involved in the regulation of adhesion and in cell signaling.

A

CAM-associated proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When bound to a ligand, ____ signal their engagement via a conformational change to the ____.

A

CAMs; cell interior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Overexpression of some MMPs correlates with ______ and _____ in many cancers.

A

high invasiveness; poor prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A GAG + a protein = ______

A

proteoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Overexpression of some ____correlates with high invasiveness and poor prognosis in many cancers.

A

MMPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ECM consists of a variety of ____ and _____ that are secreted and assembled in close association with the cells that synthesized them.

A

proteins; polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cadherins have very specific additional associated proteins, the ____.

A

catenins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Substrate selectivity depends on the presence or absence of _____ and their ____.

A

appropriate adhesion molecules; ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin are _____ found in the ECM.

A

adhesion molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 3 adhesion molecules found in the ECM.

A

fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurons die on ____ but grow and prosper on ____.

A

fibronectin; laminin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ mutations interfere with osteogenesis and cause skeletal dysplasias.

A

Collagen I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do GAGs link covalently to?

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_____ is a large, dimeric glycoprotein whose two large subunits are linked together by disulfide bonds.

A

Fibronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Collagen I is the most common collagen form, abundant in ______, and Collagen IV is characteristic of the _____.

A

connective tissues; basal lamina

23
Q

The ECM consists of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are _____ and ______ in close association with the cells that synthesized them.

A

secreted; assembled

24
Q

PGs contain at least one ____ chain but may carry many.

A

GAG

26
Q

Name the 4 major classes of molecules that makes up the ECM.

A

1) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 2) fibrous proteins 3) adapter proteins 4) water and solutes

27
Q

Laminin is found in the ______ only.

A

basal lamina

28
Q

The _____ repeat that binds to integrins is the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding sequence.

A

fibronectin

30
Q

_____ to other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for cell survival.

A

Adhesion

32
Q

In _____, the ECM macromolecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as _____ (in cartilage) or _____ (in bone).

A

connective tissues; chondroblasts; osteoblasts

33
Q

Name 2 examples of multidomain adapter proteins.

A

fibronectin and laminin

35
Q

The ____ serves not only as a _____ for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as survival, differentiation, migration, proliferation, and shape.

A

ECM; scaffold

37
Q

____ adhere to and grow on fibronectin.

A

Fibroblasts

38
Q

Two of the basal lamina’s characteristic components are _____ and _____.

A

collagen IV; laminin

39
Q

Two of the _____ characteristic components are collagen IV and laminin.

A

basal lamina’s

39
Q

____ consist of unbranched polysaccharide chains composed of disaccharide repeats.

A

GAGs

40
Q

One of the early signs of carcinogenesis is a change in ______.

A

CAM(s)

41
Q

Integrins are composed of _____.

A

α/β heterodimers

42
Q

Some _____ mutations have been linked to nephrotic syndrome.

A

laminin

43
Q

Loss-of-function mutations of ______ 2 or 13 cause inherited osteolysis/arthritis syndromes and bone dysplasias.

A

matrix metalloproteases (MMP)

44
Q

The ____ consists of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are secreted and assembled in close association with the ______.

A

ECM; cells that synthesized them

46
Q

What does GAG stand for?

A

glycosaminoglycans

47
Q

_____ depends on the presence or absence of appropriate adhesion molecules and their ligands.

A

Substrate selectivity

48
Q

____ must be linked to the cytoskeleton.

A

CAMs

49
Q

In connective tissues, the ECM macromolecules are _____ and _____ primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as chondroblasts (in cartilage) or osteoblasts (in bone).

A

synthesized; secreted

50
Q

Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that operate as _____.

A

homodimers

52
Q

_____ are important for tissue remodeling and in cell invasion of tissues.

A

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)

53
Q

Collagen I mutations interfere with _____ and cause skeletal _____.

A

osteogenesis; dysplasias

54
Q

The fibronectin repeat that binds to integrins is the ____.

A

Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding sequence

55
Q

GAGs usually carry a ____ charge.

A

negative

56
Q

Closer to the membrane, IgSF CAMs usually contain a couple of _____.

A

fibronectin type III domains

58
Q

The ECM serves not only as a scaffold for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as survival, _____, migration, ______, and shape.

A

differentiation; proliferation

59
Q

What do cells adhere to?

A

other cells or the ECM

60
Q

CAMs must be linked to the ______.

A

cytoskeleton

61
Q

______ is the most common collagen form, abundant in connective tissues, and ______ is characteristic of the basal lamina.

A

Collagen I; Collagen IV

62
Q

_____ null mutant mice are early embryonic lethal.

A

Fibronectin

64
Q

The 3 most abundant classes of ____ are cadherins, immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members, and integrins.

A

CAMs

65
Q

In connective tissues, the ECM macromolecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as chondroblasts (______) or osteoblasts (______).

A

in cartilage; in bone

67
Q

Fibroblasts adhere to and grow on ______.

A

fibronectin

68
Q

GAGs contain one ____ sugar and one ____ sugar.

A

amino; uronic acid

70
Q

____ are very common in intercellular junctional complexes.

A

Cadherins

71
Q

When bound to a _____, CAMs signal their engagement via a _____ to the cell interior.

A

ligand;conformational change

72
Q

_____ is found in the basal lamina only.

A

Laminin

73
Q

Closer to the membrane, _____ usually contain a couple of fibronectin type III domains.

A

IgSF CAMs

74
Q

Some laminin mutations have been linked to _____.

A

nephrotic syndrome

75
Q

Collagen and elastin are examples of _____.

A

fibrous proteins

76
Q

Collagens are _____ and the most abundant _____ in mammals, accounting for about 25% of protein mass.

A

fibrous proteins; proteins

77
Q

Cadherin binding is ____ dependent

A

Ca2+

78
Q

_____ are fibrous proteins and the most abundant proteins in mammals, accounting for about ____ of protein mass.

A

Collagens; 25%

79
Q

_____ are composed of α/β heterodimers.

A

Integrins

M2M Unit III (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions