Movement Science 2 (Unit 1)

Question 1

What is Motor Control?

Answer 1

Necessary input, sufficiently processed, with an acceptable output

Question 2

What is Motor Learning?

Answer 2

• Study of and acquisition (and reacquisition) and/or modification of skilled action
• Set of processes associated with the steps leading to relatively permanent changes in the capacity for producing a specific movement task

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of Motor Learning?

Answer 3

• Cognitive
• Associative
• Automous

Question 4

What is the difference between Intrinsic and Augmented (Extrinsic) feedback?

Answer 4

Intrinsic feedback includes: Visual, Auditory, Proprioceptive, Vestibular, and Tactile

Augmented feedback includes: Knowledge of performance and knowledge of results

Question 5

With Augmented Feedback, what does Knowledge of results (KR) mean?

Answer 5

• Terminal feedback about the movement outcome
• This is provided by an instructor or clinician
  –Usually verbal
  –Can be visual or auditory

Question 6

With Augmented Feedback, what does Knowledge of Performance (KP) mean?

Answer 6

• This is information about the pattern of a movement
  –Kinematic feedback: speed, velocity, displacement
  –Kinetic or EMG feedback if equipment: force and muscle activity
  –Quality of movement: no reference to goal or outcome

Question 7

What is Concurrent Feedback?

Answer 7

Feedback given during task performance

Question 8

What is Constant Feedback?

Answer 8

Feedback given after every trial

Question 9

What is Delayed Feedback?

Answer 9

Feedback with a brief time delay

Question 10

What is Summary Feedback?

Answer 10

Feedback after a set number of trials

Question 11

What is Faded Feedback?

Answer 11

Feedback given less frequent with ongoing practice

Question 12

What is Terminal Feedback?

Answer 12

Feedback given at the end of task performance

Question 13

What is Bandwidth Feedback?

Answer 13

Feedback given if performance falls outside a predetermined error range

Question 14

How may feedback affect performance? How do you consider their stage of learning?

Answer 14

• Frequent extrinsic feedback may improve performance but slow learning
• Less extrinsic feedback may slow performance initially but may lead to improved learning (retention test)
• If the patient is in the cognitive stage of learning. they should get feedback more frequent to develop reference of correctness
• If the patient is in the associative and/of autonomous stage of learning they should get feedback less frequent

Question 15

What are General Practice Principles?

Answer 15

Practice attempts should be maximized to promote motor learning

Question 16

With practice, what should be the therapist role?

Answer 16

Therapist should ensure the patient practices correct movements to prevent negative learning

Question 17

In Practice Progression, What is Massed vs. Distributed progression?

Answer 17

Masses: has more practice time vs rest time

Distributed: has more rest time vs practice time

This depends on the patient, either can be chosen, however usually progressed TO massed in the autonomous stage

Question 18

In Practice Progression, What is the difference between Constant vs. Variable practice?

Answer 18

Constant: Task is practiced in the same way with no variety; This is better for performance

Variable: Task is practiced in variable conditions and parameters; This is better for learning

Question 19

In Practice Progression, What is the difference between Blocked vs. Random practice?

Answer 19

Blocked: 1 task repeated throughout whole practice time; This promotes performance

Random: A variety of task are practiced during practice time in random order; This promotes learning

Question 20

What is the difference between Discrete and Continuous, in terms of task constraints on movement control?

Answer 20

Discrete: Recognizable beginning and end

Continuous: Performer decides end

Question 21

What is the difference between Closed and Open, in terms of task constraints on movement control?

Answer 21

Closed: Fixed or predictable environment (Little variation of movement)

Open: Unpredictable; must adopt movement strategy (Constant changing of positions)

Question 22

What is the difference between Stability and Mobility, in terms of task constraints on movement control?

Answer 22

Stability: Nonmoving BOS

Mobility: Moving BOS

Question 23

What is the difference between Manipulation and Non-Manipulation?

Answer 23

Manipulation: Use of your hands to accomplish a goal

Non-Manipulation: No use of hands

Question 24

What is the Temporal Sequence of Movement?

Answer 24

Initial Condition
Preparation
Initiation
Execution
Termination
Outcome

Question 25

What is included in the Initial condition in the Temporal Sequence of Movement?

Answer 25

-State of the individual and environment

-Posture
-Ability to interact with environment
-Environment context

Question 26

What is included in the Preparation in the Temporal Sequence of Movement?

Answer 26

Period of time when the movement is being organized within the CNS
-Stimulus identification
-Response selection
-Response programming

Question 27

What is included in the Initiation portion in the Temporal Sequence of Movement?

Answer 27

Initiation of movement is the instance when the displacement begins
-5 body segments: Head/Neck, Upper truck, Lower trunk, UE, LE

-Important parameters:
Timing, Direction, and Smoothness

Question 28

What is included in the Execution portion in the Temporal Sequence of Movement?

Answer 28

Period of actual segment movement

-Important parameters:
Amplitude, Direction, Speed, Smoothness

Question 29

What is included in the Termination portion in the Temporal Sequence of Movement?

Answer 29

Refers to the instant when movement stops

Important parameters:
Timing, Stability, Accuracy

Question 30

What is included in the Outcome portion in the Temporal Sequence of Movement?

Answer 30

Refers to whether the movement was reached successfully