monitoring, treatment and care needs of brain and nerve malfunctions. Flashcards
ischaemic stroke.
a blood clot due to fat deposits that prevents the flow of blood to the brain. if the brain cortex cells do not receive enough oxygen and die.
haemorrhagic stroke.
a burst vessel due to high blood pressure leads to bleeding in or around the brain. if the brain cortex cells do not receive enough oxygen and die.
what the risks/causes of a stroke?
poor lifestyle and genetics:
1. high fat & sugar diet
2. smoking
3. drinking
4. lack of exercise.
5. stress
and family history.
what are the symptoms of a stroke?
- Face: drooping one side
- Arms: difficulty lifting
- Speech: garbled/slurred
- Trouble with coordination, balance and confusion
what is a stroke?
it’s a blood clot obstructing the flow of blood to the brain (ischaemic stroke) or burst vessel leading to bleeding in or aroundthe brain (haemorrhagic stroke).
what is the treatment available for treating strokes?
- Occupational therapy
- Physiotherapy
- Speech therapy
- Medication
- Surgery
treatment for strokes: what is occupational therapy, give an example.
changes to lifestyle to give independence.
eg: changing things at home such as the layout of your house suitable for them.
treatment for strokes: what is physiotherapy used for?
to help with mobility issues and rehabilitation.
treatment for strokes: what is speech therapy used for?
to help with their speaking.
treatment for strokes: what is medication used for?
Anti blood clotting (Warfarin), blood pressure (Beta blockers)
treatment for strokes: why is surgery done?
for haemorrhagic strokes to remove clots/insert stents
what are the care options for someone with a stroke?
- Regular medical check ups
- May need feeding tube if difficulty swallowing
- Mobility aids/Assistive technology – walking stick or frame, hand rails, bathing & dressing aids, kitchen aids and furniture adaptations
- Home help/residential care/personal alarms are expensive
what are the negative issues of a stroke?
- ‘PIES’ impact on daily tasks – emotional and social issues with incontinence and aggression, angry outbursts and fatigue for example
- Recovery is slow and frustrating - carers need patience
- Home care and adaptations – very expensive
- May not have family help nearby
what is multiple sclerosis?
it an autoimmune condition, that affects your brain and/or spinal cord. the immune system attacks the layer that surrounds and protects the nerve, called myelin sheath. messages travelling along the nerve become slowed or disrupted.
what are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
- Blurred vision and muscle fatigue/stiffness/spasms/numbness/tingling
- Balance & co-ordination problems (e.g. difficulty walking) and bladder issues
- Problems with thinking, learning and planning
