atherosclerosis. Flashcards
what are the 3 stages of coronary heart disease?
atheroma (atherosclerosis), angina and hear attacks (myocardial infraction)
what is atheroma (atherosclerosis)?
it’s when the walls of your coronary arteries become blocked with fatty substance, a process called atheroloscerosis.
What is angina?
breathlessness, nausea, dizziness, chest pain and feeling of tightness in the chest which can spread to the arms, neck and jaw.
what is the full name for a heart attack?
myocardial infraction.
what is a heart attack?
when arteries become completely blocked it can lead to a heart attack which can permanently damage the heart muscle and lead to death.
what are some risks of CHD that you can control?
1.lack of exercise.
2. high dietary salt intake.
3. smoking/alcohol
4. being over weight/ obese
5. stress
6. type 2 diabetes.
what are the risks of CHD that you can’t control?
- you increasing in age.
- family history
- type 1 diabetes.
what are the 4 different cardiovascular malfunctions types of medication?
nitrates, ACE inhibitors, Statins and aspirin.
how do nitrates help?
they relax the coronary arteries allowing more blood to reach the heart muscle to treat angina.
How does ACE inhibitors help?
they lower blood pressure and make heart attacks less likely.
how do statins help?
they are a cholesterol lowering medication.
how does taking aspirin help?
it is an antiplatelet medicine which makes blood less likely to clot, therefore reducing the risk of heart attacks.
what are the different types of cardiovascular surgery by monitoring and doing treatment?
angiogram, angioplasty and a coronary bypass.
What is an angiogram?
it’s a type of X-ray where a dye is injected into the blood so that narrowing of the coronary arties can be seen.
What is an angioplasty?
a microscopic deflated balloon is passed into the narrowed arteries and inflated to push them open. sometimes a mesh tube (called a stent) is inserted to keep the artery open.
what is meant by a coronary bypass?
using a piece of artery taken from somewhere in the body to bypass or bridge a blocked region of coronary artery.
what does the coronary bypass do?
it allows blood to flow beyond the blockage and prevent a heart attack from happening if there’s a blood clot.
what are ways that affect the cardiovascular malfunctions?
- diet.
- smoking.
- stress.
- high cholesterol
- physical activity/exercise
- obesity
what are the 4 tests that can be done to monitor the cardiovascular malfunctions?
- blood tests
- ECG
- angiogram
- blood pressure.
what does the testing of blood test do?
they can detect LDL/HDL cholesterol and proteins in the blood
what does the testing of ECG do?
it analyse functioning of the heart from electrical signals.
what does the testing of blood pressure do?
the readings indicate raised blood levels and risk of hypertension damage.
what does the testing of angiogram do?
an x-ray is used with dye in the coronary arties to detect blockages in the coronary arties.
