eyes Flashcards
conjunctiva
Protective membrane over cornea, tear glands under eye lids
cornea
Transparent outer layer at front of eye.
aqueous humour
a watery substance that keeps the eyes shape and nourishes it.
iris
a pigmented ring of muscle that controls the amount of light entering the eye.
pupil
the opening in middle of the Iris that light passes through.
lens
Behind the pupil is the lens
suspensory ligaments
Hold the lens in place.
ciliary muscles
Contract to stretch the lens, focuses the lens
vitreous humour
Transparent jelly-like tissue filling the eyeball behind the lens.
retina
Light sensitive cells at back of eye , helps use colours correctly.
optic nerve
Sends info to brain from rods and cones.
macula
gives us “20/20” vision – sharpest colour image.
tear glands
- produces tears
- produces lubricates
- produces antibodies
Cataracts: what are the malfunctions?
cloudy patches of protein develop in the lens, causes blurred or cloudy vision.
Cataracts:causes?
age, smoking, alcohol and diabetes.
Cataracts: symptoms
1.Cloudy or misty vision
2. Colours look faded
3. Poor night vision
Cataracts: treatment
surgery to remove and replace lens with an artificial one.
glaucoma: malfunction/description
Build up of pressure on optic nerve due to blocked drain channels, eyesight progressively deteriorates
glaucoma: causes
- mainly genetic.
- high blood pressure
- age
glaucoma: symptoms
- severe eye pain
- headache
- nausea
- vomiting
- blurred vision
- rainbow haloes around lights
glaucoma: treatment
Laser treatment, eye drops and surgery
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): malfunctions/description
Painless eye condition of the macula - results in loss of central vison.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): causes
- smoking
- high blood pressure
- being overweight
- family history of (AMD)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): what is meant by dry AMD?
build-up of a fatty substance called ‘drusen’ at the back of the eyes.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): what is meant by wet AMD?
growth of abnormal blood vessels at the back of the eyes.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): what are the symptoms?
- Vision increasingly blurred – difficulty reading
- Colours appear dull
- Faces difficult to recognise
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): what are the treatment options?
- Dry AMD – there’s no treatment, but vision aids can help reduce the effects
- Wet AMD – regular eye injections and possibly a light treatment called “photodynamic therapy” to stop your vision getting worse.
Retinopathy: malfunctions/description.
High blood sugar levels damage tiny capillaries in the retina.
They become narrow and leak.
Can cause blindness.
Retinopathy: risks/causes
- Asian or Afro-Caribbean background
- type 1 or type 2 diabetes
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
Retinopathy: symptoms
- Worsening blurred or patchy vision
- Sudden vision loss
- ‘Floaters’ in your field of vision
Retinopathy: treatment
- Laser treatment
- Injections of medication into your eyes
- Surgery to remove blood or scar tissue from your eyes
what are some of the general issues that might happen with eye malfunctions?
- Reading is difficult
- Surgery - 6 week recovery – blurred vision for some time
- Cannot drive
- Might not be able to work
- May not be able to recognise faces well
- Moving around environment is more difficult
what are some of the care options when someone might has an eye malfunction?
- Regular eye tests needed
- Use brighter lighting
- Use of audio books and instructions
- Learning Braille
- White sticks and in extreme cases use of a Guide Dog
- Appropriate medical interventions
