Monitoring & Controlling Test 2 Flashcards
PV (planned value) versus AC (actual cost) and effects of changes and variances may be electronically managed using
cost baseline management.
project management software.
project management methodology.
variance management techniques.
project management software.
_______ is most often used when past performance shows that the original estimating assumptions were flawed or irrelevant due to a change of conditions.
ETC (estimate to complete) using CPI (cost performance index)
EAC (estimate at completion) using remaining budget
EAC (estimate at completion) using a new estimate
EAC (estimate at completion) using CPI (cost performance index)
EAC (estimate at completion) using a new estimate
A sample test result is acceptable if it
falls within the range specified by the tolerance.
falls within the control limits.
conforms with plan requirements.
has been kept error-free and its scale rating indicates conformity.
falls within the range specified by the tolerance.
______ are performance reports that describe where the project stands at a specific point in time.
Forecasts
Status reports
Work status reports
Progress reports
Status reports
How does the project manager handle completed deliverables that have NOT been accepted?
The project manager mandates corrective action on a separate contract.
The unacceptable deliverables are not documented until defects have been corrected.
The unacceptable deliverables are documented with reasons they were not accepted.
The project manager assigns a group to investigate and document the failure.
The unacceptable deliverables are documented with reasons they were not accepted.
A display of the logical relationships among project schedule activities is/are:
A bar chart.
S-curves.
A histogram.
A project schedule network diagram.
A project schedule network diagram.
An expected Control Scope process output that will aid the management team is/are:
Various process updates.
change requests.
Process updates and recommended preventive and corrective change actions.
Process updates and revised schedule milestones.
change requests.
Work performance data is
data on the status of the project schedule
status of deliverables
status for change requests
all of the above
all of the above
Measures of project success that the expectations management matrix include are:
Expectations.
Guidelines.
Priorities.
All of the above.
all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a means of measuring project success?
Risk
Customer satisfaction
Cost
Time
Risk
_______ aid project sponsors in ranking the importance of project scope, times and cost goals in an effort to clarify expectations and balance the constraints.
Corrective actions reports
Issue logs
Expectations management matrices
Priority guidelines
Expectations management matrices
The dimensions of control depend on the type of project or project phase or operation, allocated resources, and the purpose or need for the control. Control dimensions include:
quality and time.
cost and expertise.
quality and overhead.
skill and knowledge.
quality and time.
A project-wide configuration management system with change control includes:
A performance schedule.
Documentation and control of changes to the baseline.
A revised cost control schedule.
Methods for handling risks that may arise from changes made.
Documentation and control of changes to the baseline.
The configuration management activity that verifies that the functional requirements defined in configuration documentation have been met is:
Configuration verification.
Configuration status accounting.
Configuration verification and auditing.
Configuration identification.
Configuration verification and auditing.
What impact does a proposed change have on project processes?
The project scope statement may need to be redefined.
The project management plan may need to be revised.
Project deliverables may be modified, added, or deleted as a result of a proposed change.
All of the above.
All of the above.
Monitor and Control Project Work includes:
identifying new risks
analyzing risks
tracking risks
all of the above
all of the above
Change control boards can include:
stakeholders
consultants
industry groups
any of the above
any of the above
Monitor and Control Project Work Enterprise Environmental factors include
industry standards
scheduled activities
stakeholder risks
none of the above
industry standards
The project manager implements the integrated change control process:
During the initial project phase.
During the intermediate phases of the project.
From project planning through execution.
From initiation through project closure.
From initiation through project closure.
Performing change control includes
Gannt Charts.
Tracking changes.
Configuration auditing.
Configuration identification.
Tracking changes.
A________ provides a standardized, effective, process for centrally managing project changes.
configuration management system with change control
change control system
plan management system
organizational output system
configuration management system with change control
Outputs of Monitor and Control Project Work include:
Pareto charts
Risk register
Change requests
none of the above
Change requests
What impact does a proposed change have on project activities?
Schedules may need to be updated.
The project team will be reassigned, restructured, or reorganized.
The project manager will need to be replaced.
Changes are exclusive and do not impact other established project areas or activities.
Schedules may need to be updated.
A configuration management system:
is seldom used in project management today
requires a large investment
establishes an evolutionary method to request changes
establishes a revolutionary method to request changes
establishes an evolutionary method to request changes
Integrated change control involves
forecasting information
updating previously planned processes
reviewing all change requests
creating new processes
reviewing all change requests
The project management plan, project scope statement, and deliverables are maintained
By continuously monitoring the project.
By continuously managing changes.
By continually adjusting the schedule.
By continually revising the scope of work.
By continuously managing changes.
Integrated Change Control outputs include:
change requests status updates
project management plan updates
project document updates
all of the above
all of the above
Depending on the level of detail and degree of project completion, how does the project manager implement integrated change control into his/her activities?
By avoiding risks.
By identifying areas that require special attention.
By identifying areas that require or need change.
By continually revising the scope of work.
By identifying areas that require or need change.
Monitor and Control Project Work includes:
reserve analysis
assessing performance
Pareto analysis
stakeholder communication
assessing performance
Performance reports include
forecasts
lessons learned
speculations
assumptions
forecasts
The Talent Triangle focuses on
teamwork
analysis
parametric estimating
technical project management
technical project management
The equation for TCPI (To-Complete
Performance Index) based on the EAC (estimate at completion) is:
(BAC (budget at completion) - SV (schedule variance) / (EAC - AC (actual cost)
(BAC - EV (earned value) / (EAC (estimate at completion) - AC)
(BAC - PV (planned value) / (EAC - AC)
(BAC - AC) / (BAC - SV)
(BAC - EV) / (EAC - AC)
Trend analysis involves
comparing planned performance with actual performance.
examining project performance over time.
monitoring planned cost versus actual cost.
managing problem responses toward project completion.
examining project performance over time.
TCPI (to complete performance index) is:
Total Cost Performance Index
EAC using CPI.
EAC using a new estimate.
EAC using remaining budget.
(Estimate at completion)
EAC using remaining budget.
The _____ is a forecast total value based on project performance.
CPI (cost performance index)
EV (earned value)
ETC (estimate to completion)
EAC (estimate at completion)
EAC (estimate at completion)
EAC (estimate at completion) forecast for ETC (estimate to complete) work performed at the present CPI (cost performance index) is:
EAC(estimate at completion) = BAC (budget at completion) / cumulative CPI (cost performance index)
EAC (estimate at completion) = SV (schedule variance / cumulative CPI (cost performance index)
EAC (estimate at completion )= AC (actual cost) / cumulative CPI (cost performance index)
EAC (estimate at completion) = BAC (budget at completion) / TCPI (to complete performance index)
EAC (estimate at completion) = BAC (budget at completion) / cumulative CPI (cost performance index)
EAC (estimate at completion) forecast for ETC (estimate to completion) work performed at the budgeted rate is:
EAC (estimate at completion) = BAC (budget at completion)- AC (actual cost) + EV (earned value)
EAC (estimate at completion) = AC + BAC (budget at completion) - EV (earned value).
EAC (estimate at completion) = SV (schedule variance) - AC (actual cost) + EV (earned value)
EAC (estimate at completion) = SV (schedule variance) + PV (planned value) + EV (earned value)
EAC (estimate at completion) = AC + BAC (budget at completion) - EV (earned value).
In Cost Management, the variances that are most frequently analyzed are:
Cost and schedule.
Quality and cost.
Project scope and resources.
Risk and quality.
Cost and schedule.
The technique that compares actual project performance with the planned performance is
variance management.
Progressive cost analysis.
Earned valued technique.
Variance analysis.
Earned valued technique.
What type of performance reporting compares actual project performance to planned or expected performance?
Trend analysis.
Progressive cost analysis.
Earned valued technique.
Variance analysis.
Variance analysis.
If EVM (earned value management) is used, the following is determined:
variance analysis
trend analysis
Earned value performance
all of the above
all of the above
_______ monitors the status of the project to update the project budget.
Control Quality
Control Costs
Control Scope
Control Budget
Control Costs
Expert judgement in Control Costs includes
stakeholder reviews
issues logs
trend analysis
variance analysis
variance analysis
A Pareto Chart
is only used in PM software.
is a specific type of histogram.
is not a histogram.
none of the above
is a specific type of histogram.
The process analysis technique the project manager uses to analyze the problem and/or situation, its cause(s), and preventive actions for future similar problems or situations is
Control chart creation.
Inspection.
Root cause analysis.
Quality control.
Root cause analysis.
Qualities that are essential for the project management team to have when performing Control Quality include:
Sampling knowledge.
Statistical quality control.
Knowledge of tolerances, prevention, attribute sampling and special cases.
All of the above.
All of the above.
What control process monitors results of executing quality activities to assess performance?
Control Quality
Plan Quality
Manage Quality
Monitor and Control Risks
Control Quality
Rank ordering of occurrence frequencies is a useful corrective action guide provided by a:
histogram.
flowchart.
Pareto chart.
variable diagram.
Pareto chart.
A ______ is a fishbone diagram that indicates how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects.
flowchart
control chart
Ishikawa chart
Pareto chart
Ishikawa chart
In Quality Management, The PM uses Process Analysis
to determine the best quality management method to implement.
to examine problems and constraints identified during process operations.
to examine strategies for complying with requirements and policies.
to develop process management implementation routines.
to examine problems and constraints identified during process operations.
Histograms are
representative, vertical bar charts showing a distribution of variables.
a specific type of flowchart ordered by occurrence frequency.
modified Pareto charts that show the percentage of defects as part of the overall problem.
horizontal performance schedule tracking diagrams of repetitive tasks.
representative, vertical bar charts showing a distribution of variables.
Tools used in Control Quality include:
Histograms
Pareto chart
Run charts
all of the above
all of the above
_______ determine if a process is stable or unstable or has predictable performance.
Flowcharts
Control charts
Histograms
Pareto charts
Control charts
Organizational process asset updates to the Control Scope process include
the causes of variances and corrective actions chosen.
the results of requested changes.
changes to the project scope statement.
changes made to schedule and cost control.
the causes of variances and corrective actions chosen.
Approved change requests that impact project scope are
changes to the approved project scope statement.
changes evident in the performance report.
modifications to the approved scope baseline.
modifications to the SBS.
modifications to the approved scope baseline.
Inputs to Control Scope include:
Work performance data
The Risk Register
Resource histograms
all of the above
Work performance data
What Validate Scope tool is used to verify if work and deliverables meet requirements and product acceptance criteria?
Alternative identification.
Inspection.
Expert judgment.
Product analysis.
Inspection.
What control tool will provide the project manager information about the magnitude of variation from the scope baseline?
Work performance information.
Variance analysis.
WBS.
WBS dictionary.
Variance analysis.
Control Scope:
assures all requested changes are processed.
manages uncontrolled work
only manages controlled changes, but not uncontrolled changes.
recommends preventive action for uncontrolled changes.
assures all requested changes are processed.
Control Scope outputs include:
pareto charts
change requests
approved deviations
none of the above
change requests
____ Project Scope manages changes to the scope baseline.
Control
Plan
Manage
Verify
Control
Variance analysis is a scope control technique that uses ______ to assess the magnitude of variation.
comparative project resource charts
tracking systems
project performance measurements
replanning formulas
project performance measurements
Which of the following is not a tool and technique of the Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process?
Data Analysis
Communication methods
Communication skills
Meetings
Communication methods
Which of the following is not an input to the Monitor Stakeholder Management process?
Project management plan
Issue log
Work performance data
Work performance information
Work performance information
Linda is managing a building construction project. The project is about to complete the execution phase. Linda is currently assessing the effectiveness of her project stakeholder management strategy. She identifies that the current project change control procedures are not effective. What must Linda do?
Linda should stick with the current change management plan as she cannot make changes to it at this stage.
Linda should stick with the current change management plan but update the lessons learned to the organizational process assets.
Linda should issue a change request to update the change management plan.
Linda should update the change management plan directly as there is no need to issue a change request.
Linda should issue a change request to update the change management plan.
Which of the following is an example of work performance information?
Percentage of work completed
Employee satisfaction
Number of defects in deliverables
Project earned value report
Project earned value report
Managing communications necessary to satisfy the needs of and resolve issues with project stakeholders is part of
Plan Communications
Identify Stakeholders
Report Performance
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
The purpose of performance reporting is
To distribute information to stakeholders.
To document what the project team has accomplished.
To provide detailed information on resources needed and allocated for subprojects.
To provide an expectation matrix for future projects.
To distribute information to stakeholders
Who is responsible for stakeholder management?
Usually the project manager.
The project management team.
The project team.
The owner.
Usually the project manager.
Common formats for work performance reports include:
risk summaries
histograms
charts
all of the above
all of the above
Monitor Communications outputs include
work performance data
project constraints
work performance information
resource constraints
work performance information
Information inputs contained in Monitor Communications include:
If the project is meeting requirements of the project scope.
Issue Log
What the project status is with regard to cost.
Variances encountered and resolved.
Issue Log
What determines the need for project performance appraisals?
The complexity of the project and quality of regular communications.
The complexity of the project team and interpersonal issues.
Project cost and budget constraints.
The potential for conflict or virtual team projects.
The complexity of the project and quality of regular communications.
_______are intentional activities that ensure the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan.
Approved preventive actions
Approved defect repairs
Approved corrective actions
Validated defect repairs
Approved preventive actions
Performance activities within the monitoring and controlling process that the project manager is concerned with include
Progress reports, measurements, and forecasting.
Identifying and tracking project risks.
Tracking changes and processing documented updates.
all of the above
all of the above
Sources for expert judgment used in Change Control include
consultants
Industry groups
The PMO
all of the above
all of the above
________ modify documented policies, procedures, and schedules.
Approved preventive actions
Approved defect repairs
Approved change requests
Validated defect repairs
Approved change requests
Approve changes cover
conducive actions.
breaks and fixes.
corrective actions.
all of the above
corrective actions.
Approved defect repair is a
procedure that documents all activities, communications and responsibilities needed at project closure.
documented request for product defect correction during quality control and audit processes.
notification that all repaired defects have been accepted.
notification that all repaired defects have been rejected.
documented request for product defect correction during quality control and audit processes.
Monitoring is a facet of project management that is performed
when necessary.
only during long-term, formal projects.
throughout the project.
during the forecasting phase.
throughout the project.
What reduces the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks?
Approved preventive actions
Approved defect repairs
Approved change requests
Validated defect repairs
Approved preventive actions
Processes the project manager monitors during the Monitor and Control Project Work process include
Changes.
Initiating and planning.
Cost scheduling.
Quality control.
Initiating and planning.
_______ involves collecting information and assessing measurements.
Control
Planning
Monitoring
Compiling the progress payment
Monitoring
________ is the process of obtaining the stakeholders’ formal acceptance to the completed project scope and deliverables.
Control scope
Define scope
Create WBS
Validate scope
Validate scope
Tools used in Validate Scope include
Inspection
Validation
Recalibration
Execution
Inspection
Each WBS component is defined in terms of how the work is executed and controlled. For example, control components of a construction project could include ______ activities.
analysis and scheduling
closeout processing
inspection and testing
progress payment
inspection and testing
Validate Scope is concerned with acceptance of deliverables. Control Quality is concerned with meeting quality requirements for deliverables. In relation to Validate Scope, Control Quality is executed
Generally before scope validation.
During scope validation.
Parallel to scope validation.
Any of the above.
Any of the above.
Outputs from Validate Scope include
Accepted documents
Change requirements
Product alternatives
none of the above
none of the above
______ can result in make-or-buy decisions, using hand tools instead of automated machines, or hiring consultants
Bottom-up estimating
Expert judgment
Alternative analyses
Resource planning
Alternative analyses
What Earned Value Index helps the project manager predict the completion date, and, when used in combination with the CPI, to forecast project completion estimates?
Cost Forecasting Index
Earned Average Index
Activity Cost Index
Schedule Performance Index
Schedule Performance Index
The schedule variance (SV) will ultimately equal zero when the project is completed, since all the planned values will have been earned. The formula for the schedule variance is
SV = EV - PV SV = EV - AC SV = AC - EV SV = PC -EV
SV = EV - PV
Forecasting techniques help assess the cost or amount of work to complete schedule activities, called the
Estimate to Complete
Estimate at Completion
Budget at Completion
Cost to Complete
Estimate at Completion
The ______ is the total cost incurred in accomplishing the work on the schedule activity or WBS component, and must correspond in definition and coverage to whatever was budgeted for other values.
Actual Cost
Cost Variance
Planned Value
Earned Value
Actual Cost
The formula for TCPI (to complete performance index) based on BAC (budget at completion) is:
(BAC - EV) / (AC - BAC)
(EV - BAC) / (BAC - AC)
(BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC)
none of the above
(BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC)
The expected cost needed to complete all the remaining work for a schedule activity, work package, or control account is the
Estimate to Complete
Estimate at Completion
Budget at Completion
Cost to Complete
Estimate to Complete
The forecast is updated and reissued based on _______ that is provided as the project is executed and progresses.
cost performance
cost constraints
assumptions
work performance information
work performance information
It takes two weeks and 25,000 for a carpenter to complete a kitchen remodel. Actual costs incurred the first week were approximately 18,000, and 7,000 in week two. What was the AC the first week?
25000
20000
18000
7000
18000
When graphed, the combined AC, EV, PV, and BAC “S-curves” integrate ______ to give the project management team a visual of measured performance.
project management, project scope, and contract completion
project scope, cost, and schedule measures
project funding requirements, project scope, and project performance
project management, cost, and schedule
project scope, cost, and schedule measures
The budgeted cost to hire an IT consultant to install software upgrades is 15,000. The job is scheduled to take a half-day to install, and a day and a half to troubleshoot. He encounters glitches in the code, so at the end of two days he says he needs one more day. The earned value (EV) after the expected 2 days is:
15000
10050
7500
5000
10050
A project summary of activities includes an item for installing 100 LF of pipe. The plan allows two days and 1,800 for labor, materials, and equipment. What is the planned value (PV) of this activity?
1800
900
600
590
1800
_______ is the process of making predictions of conditions in the project’s future based on information and knowledge available at the present time.
Scheduling
Exacting
Forecasting
Projecting
Forecasting
What earned value index indicates a cost overrun or underrun?
Cost Forecasting Index
Earned Average Index
Cost Performance Index
Schedule Performance Index
Cost Performance Index
PV, EV, and AC are used in combination to provide performance measures regardless of variances. ______ tend to decrease as the project reaches completion due to the compensating effect of more work being accomplished.
The planned value and actual cost
The cost variance and schedule variance
The planned value and earned value
The earned value and schedule variance
The cost variance and schedule variance
The cost variance at the end of the project will be the difference between the budget at completion (BAC) and the actual amount spent. So, cost variance (CV) can be expressed as
CV = EV - PC CV = EV - AC CV = SV - EV CV = PC - EV
CV = EV - AC
Tailoring considerations for Project Quality Management include
Policy compliance
Policy auditing
Stakeholder engagement
all of the above
all of the above
_______ are verifications that a set of required component-specific steps have been performed
Process improvement plans
Process configurations
Process metrics
Quality checklists
Quality checklists
The basis for measuring and reporting quality performance is
quality management.
process improvement.
the performance measurement baseline.
the quality baseline
the performance measurement baseline.
Quality checklists are used
When features are added without prior customer approval.
In quality control processes.
To quantify improvement plans.
To identify “‘waste.”
In quality control processes.
Information on _______ should be included in the performance report.
planning and resources
communication channels and quality assurance
budget and requested changes
scope and quality
scope and quality
Work performance data collected to input into the monitor communications process includes:
budget data.
deliverables status.
a list of deliverables that have been approved by the customer.
channels used to enhance work performance.
deliverables status.
The Monitor Communications process of Communications Management involves:
Forecasting.
Collecting baseline data and distributing performance information.
Reporting and distributing performance data to upper management.
Collecting quantitative performance and risk data.
Collecting baseline data and distributing performance information.
_____ is an input to Monitor Communications.
WBS
Issue log
Cost forecasts
all of the above
Issue log
Performance reports can include
work to be completed next
analysis of past performance
summary of changes
all of the above
all of the above
What features are included and integrated into the performance measurement baseline?
Project cost and quality parameters.
Scope and schedule.
Technical parameters.
All of the above.
All of the above.
Which of the following is a Monitor Communications output?
Risk register
change requests
WBS
Product scope
change requests
______ are regularly scheduled events to exchange information about the project.
Progress updates
Feasibility conferences
Status review meetings
Stakeholder meetings
Status review meetings
The project management plan provides baseline information. The performance measurement baseline provides
Project services or results that must be produced or completed to complete a project phase or process.
Estimated performance constraints compared against the project schedule.
Project execution compared and measured against the project work plan.
Time and cost deviations that could impact project scope.
Project execution compared and measured against the project work plan.
Performance information included in Monitor Communications includes:
The quality control involved in ensuring project integrity.
Project team members’ roles, responsibilities, and competencies during the project life cycle.
How resources are used to achieve project objectives.
How resources are distributed according to expertise throughout the project life cycle.
How resources are used to achieve project objectives.
Performance reports should provide ______ as documented in the communications management plan.
project status information
project progress information
detailed information as required by the stakeholders
all of the above
all of the above
Information that needs to be collected and fed into the monitor communications process includes
Work performance data.
Performance information.
Status forecasts.
All of the above.
Work performance data.
______ that include table reporting and graphic representations can be used to create presentation quality images of project performance data.
Software programs
Information channels
Communication and conferencing tools
Shared-access electronic databases
Software programs
Outputs from Monitor Communications include:
the risk register
updates to lessons learned
Pareto analysis
all of the above
updates to lessons learned
_____ diagrams are graphical representations of situations showing causal influences, ordering of events, and relationships among variables and outcomes
Risk response
Influence diagrams
System flow charts
Process bar charts
Influence diagrams
What is a basic diagram that identifies causes of risks?
Ishikawa diagrams.
Influence diagrams.
System flow charts.
Process bar charts.
Ishikawa diagrams.
