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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 9: CNS & Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Module 9: CNS & Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two systems that maintain homeostasis & how

A

Nervous by nerve impulses & Endocrine by hormones

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2
Q

Describe the path of a neural signal during muscle movement

A
  • sensory neurons detect a stimulus
  • sends info to CNS
  • interneurons determines movement & sends response to motor neuron
  • motor neuron sends message muscle to move
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3
Q

Name the two branches of the nervous system

A

Peripheral & Central nervous system

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4
Q

CNS includes what?

A

brain & spinal cord

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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System: name function & contains

A

governs rest of body; contains Cranial & Spinal Nerves

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6
Q

Sensory Nervous System

A

of the PNS; carries sensation to CNS (brain & spinal cord)

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7
Q

Motor Nervous System

A

of the PNS; carries information from the brain & spinal cord to the rest of the body

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8
Q

Name two subdivisions of the PNS

A

Sensory NS & Motor NS

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9
Q

Name the subdivisions of the Motor Nervous System

A

Somatic & Visceral divisions

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10
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

carries info to skeletal muscles; controls voluntary movements

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11
Q

Visceral Nervous System

A

aka Autonomic NS; Autonomous - carries info to smooth muscle (cardiac muscle & glands)

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12
Q

Autonomous as refers to heart

A

heart is beating but you do not control beating of heart

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13
Q

Name subdivisions of Visceral Nervous System

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous system

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14
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

works during stress producing “flight or flight” response

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15
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

maintains regular fxn of body, regulating resting & digesting fxns

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16
Q

Function of the Spinal Cord

A

Conduction, Locomotion, Reflexes

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17
Q

Spinal cord contains bundles of nerve fibers called what?

A

Tracts

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18
Q

Function of Tracts

A

carry information up or down the cord (aka conduction)

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19
Q

Locomotion

A

groups of neurons that control output to the flexor & extensor muscles that allow alternating movements of limbs

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20
Q

Reflexes

A

regulating automatic involuntary responses for posture, movement & protection

21
Q

Spinal cord is divided into four regions, name them

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral

22
Q

The cervical enlargement contains what?

A

contains start of nerve branches that go to upper limbs (arms); C5-C7

23
Q

The Lumbar enlargement contains what?

A

start of nerve branches that go to lower limbs (pelvis & legs); L1-L2

24
Q

Cauda Equina - describe

A

horse tail-like; bundle of spinal nerves that arise from medullary cone & innervates the lower limbs

25
Q

Cauda Equina - contains..

A

lumbar nerves 2-5, all sacral nerves & coccygeal nerves

26
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves in the spinal cord

A

31 pairs

27
Q

Describe structure of spinal cord: start to end

A
  • continuous with brain stem
  • housed within vertebral foramina
  • starts at opening at foramen magnum in occipital bone
  • ends at tapered region near first lumbar vertebra called medullary cone
28
Q

Meninges

A
  • Surround spinal cord
  • protective fibrous coverings of brain & spinal cord.
  • Consists of three layers: Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater
29
Q

Dura Mater

A

outer layer, contains collagen & provides physical protection for brain & spinal cord

30
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A
  • middle layer
  • consists of loosely organized collagen & elastin fibers.
  • contains subarachnoid space
31
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A
  • gaps between the arachnoid mater & pia mater

- space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

32
Q

Pia Mater

A

Inner layer, delicate & contains highly vascular membrane that directly contacts surface of CNS

33
Q

Name the two types of spinal cord nervous tissue

A

White & Grey Matter

34
Q

Gray Matter

A
  • forms H butterfly shape and is central tissue of spinal cord consists of unmyelinated tissue
  • contains synapses of spinal cord (such as somas, dendrites & distal ends of axons)
  • surrounds central canal
35
Q

Central Canal

A

hollow tube that runs the length of spinal cord & contains CSF

36
Q

White Matter

A
  • outer tissue of spinal cord, consists of myelinated bundles called tracts
37
Q

Tracts

A

Ascending & Descending; carry sensory & motor information

38
Q

Ascending Tracts

A

carry sensory information from peripheral tissues to brain

39
Q

Descending Tracts

A

carry motor information from the brain down to effectors such as muscles or glands

40
Q

Spinal Nerves

A
  • bundles of myelinated axons

- containing sensory & motor axons

41
Q

Each spinal nerve is connected to the spinal cord by two roots, name them…

A

Anterior Root (contains motor axons) & Posterior Root (contains sensory axons)

42
Q

Posterior root has an area outside of the CNS where there are clusters of Somas called….

A

Posterior Root Ganglion

43
Q

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, name them

A 
8 Cervical (C1-C8)
12 Thoracic (T1-T12)
5 Lumbar (L1-L5)
5 Sacral (S1-S5)
1 Coccygeal
44
Q

Brain contains 4 internal chambers called…

A

Ventricles

45
Q

Ventricles

A

Major site of CSF Production

46
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - Description & location

A
  • clear fluid that is derived from plasma

- found in ventricles, central canal, subarachnoid space of meninges

47
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - Functions

A
  • buoyancy so brain can stay suspended
  • protects brain from bumping into skull
  • provides chemical stability by removing wastes from CNS
48
Q

Name four main regions of brain is divided into

A

Brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum

49
Q

Brain Stem

A
  • lowest portion of brain, continuous with spinal cord

- contains Mid-Brain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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