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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 10 Pt 1: Blood Vessels & Blood > Flashcards

Module 10 Pt 1: Blood Vessels & Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 layers of blood vessel walls (Inside-Out)

A

Tunica Interna
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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2
Q

Tunica Interna: Location
Characteristic
Tissue type

A

inner layer;
direct contact with blood
Simple squamous epithelium & basement membrane

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3
Q

Tunica Media: Location

Contains what tissue types

A

middle layer;

contains smooth muscle, collagen & elastic fibers

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4
Q

Smooth muscle of _____ _____ allows for greater control of blood flow due to change in diameter to meet different needs.

A

Tunica Media

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5
Q

An increase in vessel diameter occurs when smooth muscle in tunica media relaxes allowing for increased flow aka ______

A

Vasodilation

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6
Q

A decrease in vessel diameter when smooth muscle of tunica media contracts, restricting blood flow aka ____

A

Vasoconstriction

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7
Q

Tunica Externa: Location

Tissue type

A

outer layer;

loose connective tissue

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8
Q

Fxn of loose connective tissue in the Tunica Externa of the blood vessels

A

Protects and anchors vessels in place

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9
Q

Ventricles pump blood where

A

ventricles pump blood away from the heart into the tissues (pulmonary or systemic system)

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10
Q

Arteries carry blood where

A

arteries carry blood away from the heart into circulatory routes

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11
Q

Name the three types of arteries

A

Conducting Arteries
Distributing Arteries
Arterioles

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12
Q

Conducting Arteries: structure & examples

A

Largest artery; ie aorta & pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

Distributing Arteries: structure
Fxn
Examples

A

smaller branches from conducting arteries
deliver blood to specific regions or organs
ex/ circumflex artery & left pulmonary artery

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14
Q

Arterioles: aka …
structure,
Fxn

A

aka resistance arteries
smallest form of artery, branch from distributing artery
supply very local regions of the body

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15
Q

Capillaries: Structure
Fxn
Contains tissue type…

A

Smallest blood vessels, form when arterioles branch
Fxn in exchanges in gases, nutrients & waste products
Consist of endothelium & basement membrane

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16
Q

Capillaries form beds between _____ & ______.

A

Arterioles & Venules

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17
Q

Arterioles carry blood …

A

away from the heart

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18
Q

Venules carry blood …

A

toward the heart

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19
Q

Capillaries lack ____ ____ & ____ _____

A

Tunica Externa & Tunica Media

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20
Q

The lack of the tunica externa & tunica media allow the capillaries to be ….

A

highly permeable

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21
Q

____ form when capillaries merge & _____ carry blood back to the heart

A

Veins; Vessels

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22
Q

Name the 3 types of veins

A

Venules; Medium veins; Large veins

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23
Q

Venule Fxn

A

drain blood from capillary beds & return blood to heart

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24
Q

Medium Veins: structure & fxn

A

form when venules merge & contain valves

drain larger areas & carry more blood

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25
Q

Medium Veins contain special folds of ____ ____ called ____.

A

Tunica Interna; Valves

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26
Q

Valve Fxn

A

insure blood does not back up & flow in the wrong direction

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27
Q

Large Veins: Structure

Examples

A

Largest vessels; Form when medium veins merge

Ex/ inferior vena cava & pulmonary veins

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28
Q

Flow of blood back to the heart is known as

A

Venous Return

29
Q

Pressure gradient of blood flow is dependent on the force generated by the ______.

A

Ventricles

30
Q

Blood pressure is _____ in the arteries than in the veins because ________ of the heart contract with the most force

A

higher; ventricles

31
Q

Ventricles pump blood into ______ & ______ circuits

A

Pulmonary & systemic

32
Q

The highest pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting is known as

A

systolic pressure

33
Q

The lowest pressure when the ventricles are relaxing and at rest is known as

A

diastolic pressure

34
Q

Functions of Blood

A

Transportation
Protection
Regulation of pH

35
Q

Blood is composed of

A

formed elements & plasma

36
Q

Formed Elements of blood are

A

RBC (45%); WBC (1%); Platelets (55%)

37
Q

Name the three primary proteins Plasma is composed of

A

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin

38
Q

Fibrinogen

A

sticky protein

precursor to Fibrin which fxns in coagulation/clotting

39
Q

Albumin

A

most abundant;
influences bp, volume and flow
transports blood solutes
maintains blood pH

40
Q

Globulin

A

has 3 classes of protein (alpha, beta, gamma)

fxns in blood clotting & protection as antibodies

41
Q

Plasma also has non-protein components including

A

water (makes up 92% of plasma)

electrolytes, glucose, wastes, gases

42
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

production of formed elements

43
Q

What produces the majority of formed elements

A

red bone marrow

44
Q

Lymphocytes

A

WBCs produced by lymphatic system

45
Q

WBCs & RBCs originate from a bone marrow stem cell called

A

hemopoietic cells

46
Q

Platelets are formed by cytoplasmic fragments of a large marrow called

A

megakaryocytes

47
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

development of RBC

48
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

development of WBC

49
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

development of platelets

50
Q

RBC Structure

A

biconcave & discoid
have no DNA, mitochondria or nucleus
not technically “true cells” since they cannot reproduce themselves

51
Q

RBC fxn

A

carries O2 from lungs throughout body & picks up CO2 from body to lungs to be expelled

52
Q

RBCs require ______ to transport O2 & CO2 in the blood

A

Hemoglobin

53
Q

RBC’s life cycle is 120 days. at their end of life cycle their membranes deteriorate and cells are broken down by the liver and spleen. This process is called

A

Hemolysis

54
Q

What happens if hemoglobin is not broken down properly?

A

it will block tubules in kidneys are lead to renal failure

55
Q

How is hemoglobin properly broken down?

A

into its components, heme & globin

56
Q

Globin breaks down into

A

amino acids

57
Q

For heme to break down, _____ must be removed from heme and put into blood to be reused or converted into bile pigment by the liver.

A

iron

58
Q

Bloods cells that only spend a few hours in the blood stream then migrate into connective tissues

A

WBCs

59
Q

WBCs Fxn

A

immune defense & protection from toxins, pathogens, etc.

60
Q

WBCs are classified into two categories

A

Granulocytes & Agranulocytes

61
Q

Granulocytes: Structure, Fxn, Name 3 types

A

cytoplasmic granules
store products of cell metabolism
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

62
Q

Neutrophils: characteristic & fxn

A

most abundant WBC
phagocytize bacteria & release antimicrobial to fight bacteria
numbers increase during infections

63
Q

Eosinophils: characteristic & fxn

A

counts fluctuate daily;
anti-inflammatory & phagocytic
fight allergens parasites, worms

64
Q

Basophils: characteristic & fxn

A

rarest WBC; not phagocytic

  • release histamine & heparin
  • heal damaged tissue & release factors that call neutrophils & eosinophils to action
65
Q

histamine

A

vasodilator; increase flow to tissues

66
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant; prevents clotting

67
Q

Agranulocytes: characteristic

name two types

A

No cytoplasmic granules
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

68
Q

Lymphocytes: characteristic & fxn

A

abundant and small
destroy cancer cells, cells infected with viruses, etc.
fxn in immune memory, secret antibodies & coordinate other immune cells

69
Q

Monocytes

A

largest in size of WBCs;
phagocytize pathogens, dead neutrophils, debris
leave bloodstream & form macrophages in various tissues

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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