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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 11 - Respiratory System Pt. 1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Module 11 - Respiratory System Pt. 1 Anatomy Flashcards

Structures and Functions

1
Q

Fxns of Respiratory System (gCOP)

A

Gas Exchange
Communication
Olfaction
pH Regulation

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2
Q

Gas Exchange

A

exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between blood and air

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3
Q

Communication

A

RS can facilitate speech

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4
Q

Olfaction

A

smell - ability to detect airborne chemicals

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5
Q

Organs of the Respiratory System (from top to bottom)

N.N.P.L.T.B.L

A

Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial Tree, Lungs

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6
Q

Nose Function

A

to warm, cleanse, humidify air, detect odors, protection and amplifies voice

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7
Q

Structure within Nose: Nostrils or Nares

A

openings into nose

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8
Q

The facial portion of nose is formed by ___ bone and ___ cartilage.

A

Nasal; hyaline

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9
Q

Internal chambers of the nose are called ____ ____ & is divided by the ____ _____.

A

Nasal Cavity; Nasal Septum

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10
Q

Nasal Conchae

A

tissue folds in nasal cavity that contain blood vessels & mucous.

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11
Q

Nasal Meatus

A

separate nasal conchae; passageways for air

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12
Q

Nasal cavity is lined with mucous membranes that contain cilia and what type of tissue?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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13
Q

Pharynx - Fxn & contains what structure

A

carries air between nasal cavity and larynx; contains tonsils

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14
Q

Pharynx has three portions - name them in order

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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15
Q

Nasopharynx: fxn and lined with what tissue (same as nasal cavity)

A

Passage way for air; lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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16
Q

Oropharynx: fxn & lined with what tissue

A

passageway for air and food; lined with stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Laryngopharynx: fxn & lines with what tissue (same as oropharynx)

A

passageway for air and food; lined with stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

Larynx: aka what? List fxns

A

aka voice box;
carries air between pharynx and trachea,
sound production
prevents food from entering trachea

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19
Q

Airway surrounded by larynx is called

A

Glottis

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20
Q

Larynx contains what structures

A

Vestibular Folds
Vocal Cords
Several Cartilages

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21
Q

Vestibular folds - location & Fxn

A

in Larynx; muscles that protect airway and prevent food from entering trachea

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22
Q

Vocal Cords - location & Fxn

A

in Larynx; muscles that produce sound

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23
Q

Three main cartilages within Larynx

A

Epiglottis, Thyroid Cartilage & Cricoid Cartilage

24
Q

Epiglottis - Location, contains what specific cartilage & Fxn

A

uppermost portion in Larynx; contains elastic cartilage that helps direct air into glottis and food into esophagus

25
Q

Thyroid Cartilage - Name location
aka what?
contains what specific cartilage ?
surrounds what?

A

middle portion in Larynx; aka Adams apple; shield-like, contains hyaline cartilage and surrounds vocal cords

26
Q

Cricoid Cartilage - location, contains what specific cartilage, and connects what?

A

bottom portion of Larynx; contains hyaline cartilage; connects larynx to trachea

27
Q

Larynx is lines with what tissue? (cPCE)

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

28
Q

Trachea: connection, structure, contains what type of cartilage, aka?

A

connection between larynx & bronchial tree; ridged tube; containing C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage; aka windpipe

29
Q

Trachea is lined with what tissue type (cPCE)

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

30
Q

Bronchial Tree: Structure and Main Bronchials lined with what tissue?

A

branched air tubes that carry air into and out of lungs; Main bronchial lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

31
Q

Bronchial Tree’s larger pathways contain _____ cartilage and smaller pathways are held open by _____ ______.

A

Hyaline; Smooth muscle

32
Q

Bronchial Tree lining of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium becomes _____ _______ as branches get smaller

A

Stratified Cuboidal

33
Q

Branches of Bronchial Tree include:
Name in order of how they branch out
(M.L.S.B.T.R)

A 
Main Bronchi
Lobar Bronchi
Segmental Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
34
Q

The right lung has how many Lobar Bronchi(s)

A

3; one for each superior, middle & inferior lobes

35
Q

The left lung has how many Lobar Bronchi

A

2; one for each superior & inferior lobes

36
Q

Main, Lobar & Segmental Bronchi are supported by what type of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

37
Q

Bronchioles

A

continuations of segmental bronchi

38
Q

Bronchioles transition from _____ muscle to ____ muscle

A

Skeletal; Smooth

39
Q

Bronchiole’s tissue lining transition from _____ _______ epithelium to ______ _______ epithelium.

A

ciliated pseudostratified; ciliated cuboidal

40
Q

Terminal Bronchioles

A

last branches of air ducts; contain smooth muscle but no goblet cells

41
Q

Respiratory bronchioles start to loose ______ muscle and cilia

A

smooth

42
Q

Alveoli

A

air sacs found on respiratory bronchioles and ends of alveolar ducts; main site of gas exchange in lungs

43
Q

Alveoli is compose of what three types of cells

A 
squamous (type I) alveolar cells
great (type II) alveolar cells
alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
44
Q

squamous (type I) alveolar cells form what?

A

Forms:
simple squamous epithelium
respiratory membrane
endothelium of blood capillaries

45
Q

great (type II) alveolar cells produce what?

A

fatty lipoprotein called Surfactant

46
Q

Surfactant Fxn

A

prevents alveoli from sticking and helps it to re-expand during inhalation

47
Q

alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

A

type of WBCs that help clean dust & bacteria from alveoli

48
Q

What 3 structures form the respiratory membrane?

A

squamous alveolar cells
endothelium of blood capillaries
shared basement membrane

49
Q

Respiratory membrane has two layers of _____ _____ epithelium which allow for gas diffusion between ______ & _______ ________.

A

Simple Squamous; Alveoli; Blood Capillaries

50
Q

Lungs are paired organs surrounded by the ______ ______.

A

Pleural membrane

51
Q

Plurae is the _____ _______ that surrounds lungs and lines thoracic cavity

A

Serous membrane

52
Q

Viscera Plura surrounds what organ?

A

lungs

53
Q

Parietal Plura lines what cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity

54
Q

Name two types of Plurae

A

Viscera Plura & Parietal Plura

55
Q

The space between the two plurae is called

A

pleural cavity

56
Q

Pleural cavity contains a small amount of

A

serious fluid

57
Q

Pleural cavity Fxns

A

reduces friction during ventilation
provides pressure gradient
prevents infections

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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