Module 11 - Respiratory System Pt. 1 Anatomy Flashcards
Structures and Functions
Fxns of Respiratory System (gCOP)
Gas Exchange
Communication
Olfaction
pH Regulation
Gas Exchange
exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between blood and air
Communication
RS can facilitate speech
Olfaction
smell - ability to detect airborne chemicals
Organs of the Respiratory System (from top to bottom)
N.N.P.L.T.B.L
Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial Tree, Lungs
Nose Function
to warm, cleanse, humidify air, detect odors, protection and amplifies voice
Structure within Nose: Nostrils or Nares
openings into nose
The facial portion of nose is formed by ___ bone and ___ cartilage.
Nasal; hyaline
Internal chambers of the nose are called ____ ____ & is divided by the ____ _____.
Nasal Cavity; Nasal Septum
Nasal Conchae
tissue folds in nasal cavity that contain blood vessels & mucous.
Nasal Meatus
separate nasal conchae; passageways for air
Nasal cavity is lined with mucous membranes that contain cilia and what type of tissue?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Pharynx - Fxn & contains what structure
carries air between nasal cavity and larynx; contains tonsils
Pharynx has three portions - name them in order
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx: fxn and lined with what tissue (same as nasal cavity)
Passage way for air; lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Oropharynx: fxn & lined with what tissue
passageway for air and food; lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx: fxn & lines with what tissue (same as oropharynx)
passageway for air and food; lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Larynx: aka what? List fxns
aka voice box;
carries air between pharynx and trachea,
sound production
prevents food from entering trachea
Airway surrounded by larynx is called
Glottis
Larynx contains what structures
Vestibular Folds
Vocal Cords
Several Cartilages
Vestibular folds - location & Fxn
in Larynx; muscles that protect airway and prevent food from entering trachea
Vocal Cords - location & Fxn
in Larynx; muscles that produce sound
Three main cartilages within Larynx
Epiglottis, Thyroid Cartilage & Cricoid Cartilage
Epiglottis - Location, contains what specific cartilage & Fxn
uppermost portion in Larynx; contains elastic cartilage that helps direct air into glottis and food into esophagus
Thyroid Cartilage - Name location
aka what?
contains what specific cartilage ?
surrounds what?
middle portion in Larynx; aka Adams apple; shield-like, contains hyaline cartilage and surrounds vocal cords
Cricoid Cartilage - location, contains what specific cartilage, and connects what?
bottom portion of Larynx; contains hyaline cartilage; connects larynx to trachea
Larynx is lines with what tissue? (cPCE)
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Trachea: connection, structure, contains what type of cartilage, aka?
connection between larynx & bronchial tree; ridged tube; containing C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage; aka windpipe
Trachea is lined with what tissue type (cPCE)
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Bronchial Tree: Structure and Main Bronchials lined with what tissue?
branched air tubes that carry air into and out of lungs; Main bronchial lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Bronchial Tree’s larger pathways contain _____ cartilage and smaller pathways are held open by _____ ______.
Hyaline; Smooth muscle
Bronchial Tree lining of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium becomes _____ _______ as branches get smaller
Stratified Cuboidal
Branches of Bronchial Tree include:
Name in order of how they branch out
(M.L.S.B.T.R)
Main Bronchi Lobar Bronchi Segmental Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles
The right lung has how many Lobar Bronchi(s)
3; one for each superior, middle & inferior lobes
The left lung has how many Lobar Bronchi
2; one for each superior & inferior lobes
Main, Lobar & Segmental Bronchi are supported by what type of Cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
Bronchioles
continuations of segmental bronchi
Bronchioles transition from _____ muscle to ____ muscle
Skeletal; Smooth
Bronchiole’s tissue lining transition from _____ _______ epithelium to ______ _______ epithelium.
ciliated pseudostratified; ciliated cuboidal
Terminal Bronchioles
last branches of air ducts; contain smooth muscle but no goblet cells
Respiratory bronchioles start to loose ______ muscle and cilia
smooth
Alveoli
air sacs found on respiratory bronchioles and ends of alveolar ducts; main site of gas exchange in lungs
Alveoli is compose of what three types of cells
squamous (type I) alveolar cells great (type II) alveolar cells alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
squamous (type I) alveolar cells form what?
Forms:
simple squamous epithelium
respiratory membrane
endothelium of blood capillaries
great (type II) alveolar cells produce what?
fatty lipoprotein called Surfactant
Surfactant Fxn
prevents alveoli from sticking and helps it to re-expand during inhalation
alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
type of WBCs that help clean dust & bacteria from alveoli
What 3 structures form the respiratory membrane?
squamous alveolar cells
endothelium of blood capillaries
shared basement membrane
Respiratory membrane has two layers of _____ _____ epithelium which allow for gas diffusion between ______ & _______ ________.
Simple Squamous; Alveoli; Blood Capillaries
Lungs are paired organs surrounded by the ______ ______.
Pleural membrane
Plurae is the _____ _______ that surrounds lungs and lines thoracic cavity
Serous membrane
Viscera Plura surrounds what organ?
lungs
Parietal Plura lines what cavity?
Thoracic cavity
Name two types of Plurae
Viscera Plura & Parietal Plura
The space between the two plurae is called
pleural cavity
Pleural cavity contains a small amount of
serious fluid
Pleural cavity Fxns
reduces friction during ventilation
provides pressure gradient
prevents infections
